Question 1

Which intracellular mediator is directly activated by the binding of a water-soluble hormone to a membrane receptor?

Accepted Answer

A)   cGMP
B)   cAMP
C)   calmodulin
D)   phospholipase CE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 2

Match the chemical signal with the appropriate description.
-neuropeptide

Accepted Answer

A)  chemicals produced by neurons that function as hormones
B)  chemicals that act locally on nearby cells
C)  chemical secreted by presynaptic terminal
D)  influences same cell type from which it is secreted
E)  chemical secreted into blood by specialized cells; travels some distance to target tissuesF) B) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 3

Hormones act on specific tissues called _______ tissues.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hormones act on specific tissues called _______...

Question 4

What type of chemical messenger stimulates the cell that originally secreted it?

Accepted Answer

A)   paracrine
B)   neurotransmitter
C)   autocrine
D)   endocrineE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 5

When a few intracellular mediator molecules activate several enzymes, and each of these activated enzymes activate still other enzymes, the hormone has initiated

Accepted Answer

A)   a cascade effect.
B)   a double loop effect.
C)   a protein kinase effect.
D)   a cyclic effect.
E)   a negative feedback cycle.F) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 6

Given the following list of organic molecules, which includes hormones? 1)  nucleic acid derivatives 2)  polypeptides 3)  steroids 4)  proteins

Accepted Answer

A)   1, 3, 4
B)   1, 2, 3
C)   2, 3, 4
D)   1, 2, 3, 4
E)   1, 2, 4F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 7

Once a lipid-soluble hormone is conjugated in the liver

Accepted Answer

A)   its half-life is increased.
B)   it can be more quickly eliminated from the body.
C)   it can be stored for later use.
D)   it is actively transported into cells.
E)   it is more slowly eliminated from the body.F) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 8

Most hormones are regulated by

Accepted Answer

A)   negative-feedback mechanisms.
B)   neural-feedback mechanisms.
C)   positive-feedback mechanisms.
D)   hormonal-feedback mechanisms.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 9

Increasing levels of thyroid hormones decrease TSH levels. This is an example of _______ feedback.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Increasing levels of thyroid hormones decrease TSH...

Question 10

Match the description with the type of receptor model.
-G-protein

Accepted Answer

A)  nuclear receptor model
B)  membrane-bound receptor modelC) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 11

Receptors for most lipid-soluble hormones are located

Accepted Answer

A)   in the cytoplasm of their target cells.
B)   on the plasma membrane of their target cells.
C)   in the lysosomes of their target cells.
D)   on the nuclear membrane of their target cells.
E)   in the nucleus or cytoplasm of their target cells.F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

Question 12

The half-life of a hormone allows one to determine

Accepted Answer

A)   the rate of hormone secretion.
B)   the identity of a hormone.
C)   the rate at which hormones are eliminated from the body.
D)   the rate of action of a hormone.
E)   the rate of travel through the blood to a target.F) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 13

In general, the response of target cells to endocrine stimulation is _______ than their response to nervous stimulation.

Accepted Answer

A)   faster and briefer
B)   slower and more prolonged
C)   more accurate
D)   more restricted to a small area of the body
E)   more intenseF) B) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 14

-What is "A" on the diagram?

Accepted Answer

A)   pancreas
B)   adrenals
C)   pituitary
D)   thyroid
E)   thymusF) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 15

-What is "C" on the diagram?

Accepted Answer

A)   pancreas
B)   adrenals
C)   pituitary
D)   thyroid
E)   thymusF) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 16

The role of cAMP when it acts as an intracellular mediator in cells is to

Accepted Answer

A)   bind to and activate protein kinase.
B)   activate genes in the nucleus to produce mRNA.
C)   directly activate structural enzymes in the cytoplasm of the target cell.
D)   catalyze a cascade reaction that ultimately activates genes on the DNA.
E)   control levels of calcium in the cell.F) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT true of water-soluble hormones?

Accepted Answer

A)   can dissolve in the blood as free hormones
B)   large hormones need fenestrated capillaries to move out of the blood stream
C)   most readily diffuse through capillary walls
D)   rapidly degraded by proteases in the bloodstream
E)   some may have carbohydrates attached to give a longer half-lifeF) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 18

Match the description with the type of receptor model.
-membrane channels may be opened or closed

Accepted Answer

A)  nuclear receptor model
B)  membrane-bound receptor modelC) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 19

An intercellular chemical signal that is produced by neurons but functions like a hormone would be called a

Accepted Answer

A)   neuropathogen.
B)   neurotransmitter.
C)   neurocrine.
D)   neurohormone.
E)   neurosynthesizer.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 20

Up-regulation

Accepted Answer

A)   results in a decrease in the number of receptor sites in the target cell.
B)   produces an increase in the sensitivity of the target cell to the hormone.
C)   is found in target cells that maintain a constant level of receptors.
D)   produces insensitivity to the hormone in the target tissue.
E)   moves the receptors up on the membrane.F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

Exam 17: Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Up-regulation

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-What is "C" on the diagram?

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Given the following list of organic molecules, which includes hormones? 1) nucleic acid derivatives 2) polypeptides 3) steroids 4) proteins

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Receptors for most lipid-soluble hormones are located

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Match the chemical signal with the appropriate description. -neuropeptide

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When a few intracellular mediator molecules activate several enzymes, and each of these activated enzymes activate still other enzymes, the hormone has initiated

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

-What is "A" on the diagram?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which intracellular mediator is directly activated by the binding of a water-soluble hormone to a membrane receptor?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hormones act on specific tissues called _______ tissues.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT true of water-soluble hormones?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most hormones are regulated by

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What type of chemical messenger stimulates the cell that originally secreted it?

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Increasing levels of thyroid hormones decrease TSH levels. This is an example of _______ feedback.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Once a lipid-soluble hormone is conjugated in the liver

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In general, the response of target cells to endocrine stimulation is _______ than their response to nervous stimulation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An intercellular chemical signal that is produced by neurons but functions like a hormone would be called a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The half-life of a hormone allows one to determine

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The role of cAMP when it acts as an intracellular mediator in cells is to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the description with the type of receptor model. -G-protein

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Match the description with the type of receptor model. -membrane channels may be opened or closed

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