A) is the reflection of an individual's ideological position when applied to political issues.
B) results from an individual allowing personal bias to inform all thoughts about political issues,instead of doing objective learning or research to form an opinion.
C) involves the careful gathering and sifting of information in the process of forming a knowledgeable view about a political issue.
D) is the result of an individual's attempts to seek out news media that reinforce a pre-existing political bias.
E) is a strategy taken by those seeking election to public office in which their publicly stated positions are designed to maximize their attractiveness to the widest voting bloc.
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Multiple Choice
A) social welfare
B) military policy
C) subsidized housing for the poor
D) public works
E) public health care
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Essay
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Multiple Choice
A) The government does not attempt to manage the overall economy,but owns a number of major industries and provides for people's basic economic needs.
B) The government manages the overall economy through ownership of most major industries,and does not allow private property.
C) The economy operates almost exclusively on private transactions.
D) The government does little to manage the economy and owns no major industries,serving mainly to provide for people's basic economic needs.
E) Firms are largely free to make their own production,distribution,and pricing decisions,and individuals depend largely on themselves for economic security.
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Multiple Choice
A) a guarantee of freedom of speech.
B) a division of governmental authority into three branches.
C) checks and balances among the three branches of government.
D) restrictions against the power of corporations to influence the election process.
E) term limits for elected officials to reduce their power.
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Essay
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Multiple Choice
A) its lack of regulatory intervention
B) its lack of intervention through taxation
C) its lack of intervention through spending policies
D) the extent to which private transactions determine the allocation of economic costs and benefits
E) the extent to which it exercises regulatory intervention by altering interest rates
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Multiple Choice
A) the majoritarian nature of the voting and election system
B) the ability of any individual to aspire to high political office
C) the judicial nature of American politics,in which any individual can challenge powerful interests
D) the emphasis that Americans place on economic self-reliance and free markets
E) the ability of the individual to join in labor unions and interest groups to pursue his or her political and financial self-interests
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Multiple Choice
A) tax and social policies that redistribute wealth.
B) the strength of the executive branch of government.
C) the majoritarian system of government.
D) the influence of corporate special interests in the legislative process.
E) the influence of corporate money in the election process.
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Multiple Choice
A) politics.
B) government.
C) elitism.
D) socialism.
E) communism.
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Multiple Choice
A) Among adults twenty-one years of age and older,roughly half are college graduates
B) Among adults twenty-one years of age and older,roughly one in four is a college graduate.
C) Every U.S.state has at least twenty colleges or universities within its borders.
D) Despite having a much higher rate of colleges and universities per capita than European countries; the U.S.has a lower rate of college graduation per capita.
E) Although the U.S.has a lower number of colleges and universities per capita than Europe,it has a much higher rate of college graduation per capita.
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Multiple Choice
A) the state is run by corporate interests and companies instead of individuals.
B) control rests with a small group of popularly elected individuals.
C) control rests with a single individual,such as a dictator.
D) control rests with a small group,such as military officers or a few wealthy families.
E) the state controls all aspects of individuals' lives,including family relations and the practice of religion.
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Multiple Choice
A) majoritarianism
B) elitism
C) corporate power
D) judicial action
E) constitutionalism
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Multiple Choice
A) The U.S.has twice as many lawyers on a per capita basis.
B) The U.S.has roughly the same amount of lawyers on a per capita basis.
C) The U.S.has roughly twice as many lawyers,in terms of total numbers.
D) The U.S.has roughly five times as many lawyers on a per capita basis.
E) The U.S.has roughly half as many lawyers on a per capita basis.
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Multiple Choice
A) majoritarianism.
B) pluralism.
C) elitism.
D) constitutionalism.
E) corporate power.
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Multiple Choice
A) Corporations and unions were prevented from directly creating and airing campaign advertisements or political messages on national media.
B) Individual citizens were granted the same campaign spending rights previously possessed only by corporations and unions.
C) Corporations and unions were barred by law from spending money to influence the outcome of U.S.federal elections.
D) Corporations and unions were no longer barred by law from U.S.federal election spending that was derived from their economic activity.
E) The ban against corporations and unions from spending money to influence state elections was lifted,but the ban remained in place for federal elections.
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Multiple Choice
A) unwillingness of citizens to make the effort
B) lack of access to governmental institutions
C) elite control of political power resources
D) failure of politicians and government institutions to communicate policy details to the public
E) lack of access to news media sources outside sensationalist television or Internet content
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Multiple Choice
A) Under socialism,the government owns some firms,but under communism,the government does not own any major assets.
B) Under communism,the government assumes total management of the economy,whereas under socialism,the government does not try to manage the overall economy.
C) Under socialism,the economy operates mainly through private transactions,but under communism,the government owns a number of major industries and tries to provide for people's basic economic needs.
D) Under communism,the government manages the economy completely but does not attempt to provide for people's basic needs; under socialism,the government does not manage the economy completely,but does attempt to provide for people's basic needs.
E) Under socialism,the government owns more industries than a communist government,but provides less direct benefit for individuals' welfare.
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Multiple Choice
A) The public as a whole takes an interest in only a few of the hundreds of policy decisions that U.S.officials make each year.
B) The public lacks access to the information required to take informed political action on most issues dealt with by the government each year.
C) The actions of special interest groups are ultimately more influential than the voting power of the public.
D) The rapid turnover of government officials and members of the legislature prevents the majority public from making a sustained effort for any single issue.
E) The most power tends to reside with a wealthy minority of the voting public,preventing the majority public from setting the issue agenda.
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Multiple Choice
A) communistic
B) socialistic
C) authoritarian
D) egalitarian
E) republican
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