Question 1

Hastie, Penrod, and Pennington showed participants re-enactments of an actual murder case, and asked them to deliberate until they agreed on a verdict. Prior to group deliberation, jurors who thought the defendant was guilty preferred a verdict of _______________; after deliberation, they preferred a verdict of _________________.

Accepted Answer

A)   second-degree murder; manslaughter
B)   manslaughter; second-degree murder
C)   first-degree murder; second-degree murder
D)   manslaughter; not guiltyE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 2

In the process known as the misinformation effect, individuals

Accepted Answer

A)   give misleading testimony in court.
B)   receive wrong information about an event and then incorporate that information into their memory for the event.
C)   give wrong information to police.
D)   fail to remember any information following a traumatic event.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

After hearing evidence in a murder trial, 12 jurors tend to believe the evidence is insufficient to convict the 25-year-old defendant. According to the group polarization hypothesis, after the jurors deliberate,

Accepted Answer

A)   they will be more convinced the defendant is guilty.
B)   they will be more convinced the evidence is insufficient to convict.
C)   they will be evenly split, with some convinced he is guilty and others convinced he is innocent.
D)   they will be split, with a minority favouring acquittal and the majority favouring conviction.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

Loftus found that when an eyewitness who had testified against the defendant in a hypothetical robbery-murder case was discredited because of having poor vision

Accepted Answer

A)   about half the jurors switched their votes from guilty to innocent.
B)   the majority of jurors still voted for conviction.
C)   jurors regarded the eyewitness testimony as useless and it had no impact on their verdict.
D)   a boomerang effect occurred with all jurors now voting for acquittal.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 5

Research indicates that jurors are more likely to be persuaded when attorneys present evidence

Accepted Answer

A)   in the order of a narrative story.
B)   in the form of testing a hypothesis in an experiment.
C)   by numerically listing their specific arguments.
D)   without interpretation or drawing conclusions from it.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 6

Jurors think that an eyewitness who can recall trivial details such as how many pictures were hanging in the room probably

Accepted Answer

A)   gained information about these details by a second visit to the crime scene and thus is less credible.
B)   was paying better attention than one who recalls no details.
C)   was not paying attention to the culprit or the crime itself.
D)   is no more accurate in recalling important information than witnesses with no memory for details.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 7

A prosecuting attorney is uncertain whether her eyewitness will seem credible to the jury. The eyewitness's testimony could help win a conviction, but the witness might be discredited by the defence attorney. What advice should the prosecutor accept?

Accepted Answer

A)   Put the witness on the stand, since even a discredited eyewitness is more convincing than no eyewitness at all.
B)   Don't put the witness on the stand, since a discredited eyewitness is worse than no eyewitness at all.
C)   Put the eyewitness on the stand but admit your reservations about the witness's credibility before the defence attorney raises the issue.
D)   Put the witness on the stand only if he or she is attractive and similar to the jurors.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 8

City police find that Mr. Caldwell, an eyewitness to a murder in a local bank, correctly remembers many trivial details of the crime scene, including the specific time on the clock and the paintings on the wall. Research findings suggest that Mr. Caldwell's recall of trivial details means

Accepted Answer

A)   it is more likely that he can also correctly identify the murderer.
B)   it is less likely that he can also correctly identify the murderer.
C)   nothing in terms of his ability to correctly identify the murderer.
D)   it is more likely that he can also correctly identify the murderer, provided Mr. Caldwell is also highly educated.E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 9

Pretend you are a legal consultant. A lawyer approaches you because he is concerned that the jury in his case are going to get "hung up" on all the scientific/statistical evidence and the legalese of the judicial instructions. Provide recommendations that would make these components of a case understandable to a juror.

Accepted Answer

As a legal consultant, I understand the ...

Question 10

The "cognitive interview" procedure for questioning eyewitnesses involves which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   allowing eyewitnesses to offer their own unprompted recollections
B)   guiding eyewitnesses to visualize the scene
C)   guiding eyewitnesses to imagine how they were feeling at the time
D)   all of these choices are correct.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 11

After Ceci and Bruck produced false memories in a group of preschool children, the children were interviewed by a professional psychologist. Following the interview,

Accepted Answer

A)   children realized that their memories were false.
B)   children were less anxiety-prone than before the interview.
C)   the psychologist could not reliably separate real from false memories.
D)   the psychologist could reliably identify the false memories.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 12

Research has demonstrated that jurors have a hard time shifting their standards from "proof beyond a reasonable doubt" during the trial to _______________________ during the sentencing phase.

Accepted Answer

A)   balance of probabilities
B)   clear and convincing evidence
C)   preponderance of the evidence
D)   beyond a reasonable doubtE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

Ceci believes that young children's susceptibility to the misinformation effect raises the distinct possibility that

Accepted Answer

A)   some people have been falsely accused in sex abuse cases.
B)   many educators overestimate the competence of their students.
C)   repression leads children to forget that they were physically abused.
D)   many children are simply unable to experience empathy for dissimilar others.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Kalven and Zeisel found that ______ in 10 reached juries reached the verdict favoured by the majority on the first ballot.

Accepted Answer

A)   5
B)   6
C)   8
D)   9E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 15

How persuasive is eyewitness testimony? Discuss what research by Wells and others has found with respect to how eyewitness testimony influences the jury by its presence, accuracy, conditions, and detail.

Accepted Answer

Eyewitness testimony has long been consi...

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the Wells and Bradfield (1998)  study is false?

Accepted Answer

A)   Participants were aware of the influence of feedback on their initial confidence ratings.
B)   The effect of the experimenter's feedback was huge.
C)   The results illustrate the I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon.
D)   All of these choices.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

Identify and discuss the three constructive steps that can be taken to increase the accuracy of eyewitnesses and jurors.

Accepted Answer

1. Education and Training: One construct...

Question 18

Research suggests that jury deliberations can be influenced by all of the following processes except

Accepted Answer

A)   group polarization.
B)   minority influence.
C)   deindividuation.
D)   informational influence.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 19

Preston is a lawyer whose case relies on proof from dense scientific and statistical material. If he wants to present this information to the jury, Preston should

Accepted Answer

A)   present the scientific information without mention of statistical probabilities.
B)   present only the statistical information in as basic and simple way as possible.
C)   present all the information in a matter-of-fact manner including all the statistics.
D)   present the information, point out probabilities, and support these by a convincing story.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 20

Research by Morgan and colleagues on the effect of stress on memory found that ______ of soldiers at survival schools could recall a high-stress interrogator and ______ could recall a low-stress interrogator.

Accepted Answer

A)   26%; 72%
B)   30%; 62%
C)   74%; 34%
D)   53%; 31%E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Exam 15: Social Psychology in Court

How persuasive is eyewitness testimony? Discuss what research by Wells and others has found with respect to how eyewitness testimony influences the jury by its presence, accuracy, conditions, and detail.

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Eyewitness testimony has long been consi...
View Answer

In the process known as the misinformation effect, individuals

Correct Answer
verified

Research by Morgan and colleagues on the effect of stress on memory found that of soldiers at survival schools could recall a high-stress interrogator and could recall a low-stress interrogator.

Correct Answer
verified

After Ceci and Bruck produced false memories in a group of preschool children, the children were interviewed by a professional psychologist. Following the interview,

Correct Answer
verified

Jurors think that an eyewitness who can recall trivial details such as how many pictures were hanging in the room probably

Correct Answer
verified

The "cognitive interview" procedure for questioning eyewitnesses involves which of the following?

Correct Answer
verified

A prosecuting attorney is uncertain whether her eyewitness will seem credible to the jury. The eyewitness's testimony could help win a conviction, but the witness might be discredited by the defence attorney. What advice should the prosecutor accept?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
As a legal consultant, I understand the ...
View Answer

After hearing evidence in a murder trial, 12 jurors tend to believe the evidence is insufficient to convict the 25-year-old defendant. According to the group polarization hypothesis, after the jurors deliberate,

Correct Answer
verified

Research has demonstrated that jurors have a hard time shifting their standards from "proof beyond a reasonable doubt" during the trial to _______________________ during the sentencing phase.

Correct Answer
verified

Loftus found that when an eyewitness who had testified against the defendant in a hypothetical robbery-murder case was discredited because of having poor vision

Correct Answer
verified

Research indicates that jurors are more likely to be persuaded when attorneys present evidence

Correct Answer
verified

Identify and discuss the three constructive steps that can be taken to increase the accuracy of eyewitnesses and jurors.

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
1. Education and Training: One construct...
View Answer

Which of the following statements about the Wells and Bradfield (1998) study is false?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Kalven and Zeisel found that ______ in 10 reached juries reached the verdict favoured by the majority on the first ballot.

Correct Answer
verified

Research suggests that jury deliberations can be influenced by all of the following processes except

Correct Answer
verified

Ceci believes that young children's susceptibility to the misinformation effect raises the distinct possibility that

Correct Answer
verified

Preston is a lawyer whose case relies on proof from dense scientific and statistical material. If he wants to present this information to the jury, Preston should

Correct Answer
verified

City police find that Mr. Caldwell, an eyewitness to a murder in a local bank, correctly remembers many trivial details of the crime scene, including the specific time on the clock and the paintings on the wall. Research findings suggest that Mr. Caldwell's recall of trivial details means

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 15: Social Psychology in Court

How persuasive is eyewitness testimony? Discuss what research by Wells and others has found with respect to how eyewitness testimony influences the jury by its presence, accuracy, conditions, and detail.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIEyewitness testimony has long been consi...View AnswerShow Answer

In the process known as the misinformation effect, individuals

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research by Morgan and colleagues on the effect of stress on memory found that ______ of soldiers at survival schools could recall a high-stress interrogator and ______ could recall a low-stress interrogator.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After Ceci and Bruck produced false memories in a group of preschool children, the children were interviewed by a professional psychologist. Following the interview,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jurors think that an eyewitness who can recall trivial details such as how many pictures were hanging in the room probably

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The "cognitive interview" procedure for questioning eyewitnesses involves which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A prosecuting attorney is uncertain whether her eyewitness will seem credible to the jury. The eyewitness's testimony could help win a conviction, but the witness might be discredited by the defence attorney. What advice should the prosecutor accept?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIAs a legal consultant, I understand the ...View AnswerShow Answer

After hearing evidence in a murder trial, 12 jurors tend to believe the evidence is insufficient to convict the 25-year-old defendant. According to the group polarization hypothesis, after the jurors deliberate,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research has demonstrated that jurors have a hard time shifting their standards from "proof beyond a reasonable doubt" during the trial to _______________________ during the sentencing phase.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Loftus found that when an eyewitness who had testified against the defendant in a hypothetical robbery-murder case was discredited because of having poor vision

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research indicates that jurors are more likely to be persuaded when attorneys present evidence

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Identify and discuss the three constructive steps that can be taken to increase the accuracy of eyewitnesses and jurors.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AI1. Education and Training: One construct...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following statements about the Wells and Bradfield (1998) study is false?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Kalven and Zeisel found that ______ in 10 reached juries reached the verdict favoured by the majority on the first ballot.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research suggests that jury deliberations can be influenced by all of the following processes except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ceci believes that young children's susceptibility to the misinformation effect raises the distinct possibility that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Preston is a lawyer whose case relies on proof from dense scientific and statistical material. If he wants to present this information to the jury, Preston should

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

City police find that Mr. Caldwell, an eyewitness to a murder in a local bank, correctly remembers many trivial details of the crime scene, including the specific time on the clock and the paintings on the wall. Research findings suggest that Mr. Caldwell's recall of trivial details means

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Eyewitness testimony has long been consi...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Research by Morgan and colleagues on the effect of stress on memory found that of soldiers at survival schools could recall a high-stress interrogator and could recall a low-stress interrogator.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
As a legal consultant, I understand the ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
1. Education and Training: One construct...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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