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An electric utility operates in a state with right-to-work laws. About three-quarters of its line workers have elected to join the union that represents them. Keith, one of the line workers, believes that his supervisor is unfairly passing him over when selecting employees to earn extra pay by working overtime. Keith wants to file a grievance according to the process in the labor agreement, but he is not a member of the union. What must the union do in this situation?


A) It must let Keith join the union so he can have representation in the process.
B) It must allow Keith to use the process it negotiated, but it need not send representatives.
C) It has no obligations in this process, because Keith chose not to be represented.
D) It must give Keith representation equal to what a union member would receive.
E) It must give Keith a copy of the labor agreement, but it need not be involved in the process.

F) C) and E)
G) A) and D)

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During contract negotiations, the union representing the teachers in District 52 is calling for a strike if the union's demands aren't met by the end of the week. A new school board member is worried about school shutting down and suggests directing the negotiators to accept the union's demands. A more experienced board member says the teachers also have reasons for not wanting to strike. What would be one of the most likely reasons for teachers not wanting to strike?


A) The school board member will picket the schools during the strike.
B) The union will likely be able to make up for some pay during the strike.
C) The janitors' union will refuse to cross the teachers' picket lines.
D) The district will not pay the teachers while they are on strike.
E) During a strike, the employer excludes workers from the workplace.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Kristy, a production manager at Smart Designs, believes that the formation of labor unions may have a negative impact on the performance of a company's stock. Which statement is likely to strengthen Kristy's belief?


A) Workers in unionized organizations tend to exhibit lower levels of productivity than workers in nonunion organizations.
B) Unionized organizations are often required to pay their workers higher wages and offer them more generous benefits.
C) Studies reveal that unions do not have any positive effects on performance measures, such as productivity, profits, and stock performance.
D) Unions tend to have a positive impact on the self-esteem of their members.
E) The formation of labor unions is likely to lead to conflicts between social and labor union goals.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

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The executives of Bee Hive Honey are proud of the company's management practices, which they believe ensure fair treatment of employees better than union representation does. However, some complaints about working conditions have shown up in the suggestion box. The executives asked the HR manager, Ashley, to plan a system of employee-manager meetings to address issues such as these. As Ashley considers this request, what potential problem should she keep in mind?


A) Legal guidelines covering an employer-established system of representation are lengthy and precise.
B) Workers tend to think representatives in an employer-established system cannot be counted on to stand up for them.
C) It is statistically likely that most Bee Hive Honey workers are already represented by unions.
D) It is possible that a management-established system of employee representation may violate the NLRA.
E) Unions have never tried to organize Bee Hive Honey's workers, so they can easily make a case that the company organized workers illegally.

F) A) and D)
G) None of the above

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Landon, an HR manager, heard from other managers that there was talk of a union organizing effort at his company. Landon saw no signs of a union at work, so he downplayed the rumors. Therefore, he was caught by surprise when the union presented authorization cards and a request for a representation election. Which statement best explains the flaw in Landon's reasoning about the organizing effort?


A) For the organizing process to continue, at least 30 percent of the employees must sign an authorization card.
B) In an election, workers may have a choice from among more than one union.
C) In most organizing efforts, there is a hotly contested election campaign.
D) Unions usually launch an organizing campaign by discussing issues with employees at home.
E) Regulations forbid unions from using online databases to identify issues of interest to particular workers.

F) All of the above
G) D) and E)

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A labor union in which all of the members have a particular skill or occupation is known as a(n) ________ union.


A) common
B) industrial
C) craft
D) regional
E) employer's

F) None of the above
G) A) and E)

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Britney, a heavy equipment operator, Kristin, an operating engineer, and Sam, a construction mechanic, hail from different parts of the United States. Though they have different occupations, they are all members of the same union. In the context of types of union, Britney, Kristin, and Sam most likely belong to a(n) ________ union.


A) international
B) industrial
C) stewards
D) checkoff
E) craft

F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

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Dan is a non-union employee at Lexia Inc. Although he does not intend to join the union at the company, he is still required to pay union dues as part of a union contract with the company. What does this scenario best exemplify?


A) an agency shop agreement
B) a checkoff provision
C) a union shop agreement
D) a trade-off provision
E) a closed shop agreement

F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

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How can labor-management relations be made more cooperative?

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Cooperation between labor and management...

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Employees at Harper Industries have formed a union and are negotiating a union security arrangement. Which option would be most favorable to the union and also be legal?


A) a closed shop, because any employee hired must be a union member
B) an agency shop, because it requires employees to join the union for the length of the contract
C) a union shop, because it requires all employees to join the union within 30 days of their start date with the company
D) maintenance of membership rules, because they require that union members remain at the company
E) free riders, because these let employees benefit from union activities without joining the union

F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

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In their labor relations, managers prefer to increase wages and benefits and to give maximum control to workers over work rules and schedules.

A) True
B) False

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Organizations that are formed in order to represent their members' interests while dealing with employers are known as


A) employee guilds.
B) sororities.
C) lobbies.
D) member clubs.
E) labor unions.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Briefly describe the secret-ballot election process conducted by the NLRB.

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When trying to organize into a union, if...

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What depicts the most complex bargaining structure in collective bargaining?


A) a craft union representing one facility
B) a teachers' union representing a large city's school district
C) a craft union representing employees in two facilities of one company
D) an industrial union representing all hourly employees of several companies
E) a carpenters' union representing the employees of one construction firm

F) C) and E)
G) B) and D)

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Under a checkoff provision, a person must be a union member before being hired.

A) True
B) False

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Who among the following is NOT covered by the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) ?


A) an individual employed as a supervisor
B) an individual employed in the service sector
C) an individual employed by a private-sector firm with less than 15 full-time employees
D) an individual joining a union that is not recognized by his or her employer
E) an individual refraining from activity on behalf of the union

F) A) and C)
G) B) and D)

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Which of the following is a union security arrangement that requires a person to pay union dues, but is not required to join the union?


A) agency shop
B) union shop
C) closed shop
D) maintenance of membership
E) checkoff provision

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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During a strike, the employer loses production unless it can hire replacement workers, and even then, productivity may be reduced.

A) True
B) False

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The hourly employees at Cardiac Health System are dissatisfied with their union. They find that the management at Cardiac Health System communicates openly and treats them with respect in resolving problems, so they don't see much value in paying dues to a union. What option do the employees have in this situation?


A) They may negotiate for a neutrality provision to neutralize the union's authority.
B) They must accept the union, because they voted for representation in a lawful manner.
C) They can request an immediate decertification election.
D) They can call for a decertification election to take place when their contract term ends.
E) They can request that their union representative terminate the union contract.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

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Athelia and Annabelle work at Starving Artists Inc. Athelia claims that forming a union can help enhance workers' bargaining power with management. Annabelle, however, argues that it is quite challenging to form a union. Which statement strengthens Annabelle's argument?


A) Unionized employees have low negotiating power with the management.
B) A union needs to convince a majority of workers to have a common goal.
C) Union workers generally have lower productivity than nonunion workers.
D) A union's goals must always contradict the employer's goals.
E) A union must only include members with highly conceptual skills who can easily deal with conflict resolution.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

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