Question 1

The exchange of gases across a respiratory surface always occurs by

Accepted Answer

A)  facilitated transport.
B)  active transport.
C)  diffusion.
D)  bulk flow.
E)  osmosis.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 2

During an asthma attack,allergens trigger the release of histamine,which causes severe constriction of the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  bronchi
B)  pleural cavities
C)  larynx
D)  trachea
E)  rib cageF) A) and B)
G) None of the above

Question 3

Imagine that you have been transported light years away to another planet with water-filled oceans.This distant planet has a barometric pressure of 1,000 mm Hg at sea level and air that contains 15 percent O2.Would you take in much more oxygen,much less oxygen,or about the same amount of oxygen per breath on this planet as you would on Earth?

Accepted Answer

A)  much less oxygen on the distant planet
B)  much more oxygen on the distant planet
C)  about the same amount of oxygen as on EarthD) A) and B)
E) A) and C)

Question 4

Four-year old Sammy is having a temper-tantrum.In a final attempt to get his way,he yells to his mom,"I'm gonna hold my breath 'til I die!" What is the primary reason that Sammy's mom is unconcerned by this statement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sammy is too young to hold his breath for more than 30 seconds.
B)  It is impossible for Sammy to control the contraction of his diaphragm and intercostal muscles since they are made up of smooth muscle.
C)  As Sammy holds his breath,the decreasing levels of oxygen in his blood will lead to stimulation of the respiratory control center in his brain.
D)  As Sammy holds his breath,the increasing levels of carbon dioxide in his blood will lead to stimulation of the respiratory control center in his brain.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 5

Most phyla of aquatic invertebrates have improved the rate of gas exchange by creating a water current over their respiratory surfaces,thereby ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  decreasing the distance for diffusion
B)  increasing the surface area for diffusion
C)  increasing the concentration difference
D)  changing the diffusion constantE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 6

Which blood vessels carry oxygenated blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  pulmonary arteries
B)  pulmonary veins
C)  systemic veins (such as the femoral vein in your leg) D) All of the above
E) B) and C)

Question 7

What is the likely outcome if you were able to force water through fish gills in the opposite direction to how it normally flows over the gills?

Accepted Answer

A)  The blood's oxygen concentration would not be able to exceed 50%.
B)  Gas exchange would be inhibited and movement of oxygen into the blood would cease.
C)  The direction of blood flow would reverse through the gills to compensate for the reversed direction of water flow.
D)  The movement of carbon dioxide from the blood into the water would increase.
E)  There would be no effect,and maximal oxygenation of blood would still occur.F) All of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 8

In the above graph,what does the A represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  anatomical dead space
B)  air that helps keep the alveoli inflated (open) after forced exhalation
C)  air that is not used for gas exchange
D)  air with a concentration of oxygen higher than that of air outside the body
E)  air from a previous breath that does not mix with newly-inhaled air of the next breathF) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 9

The general term that describes the uptake of oxygen from the environment and the disposal of carbon dioxide at the body system level is

Accepted Answer

A)  cellular respiration.
B)  inspiration.
C)  exhalation.
D)  respiration.
E)  diffusion.F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 10

Most simple invertebrates obtain their oxygen by diffusion directly from the surrounding

Accepted Answer

A)  air.
B)  water.
C)  mud.
D)  blood.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 11

The external gills of an adult axolotl are not as efficient as fish gills because________.

Accepted Answer

A)  water flows over the axolotl gills at many different angles
B)  blood flows though the axolotl gills more slowly than through fish gills
C)  axolotl gills are not highly branched
D)  axolotl gills are covered by thick layers of cells
E)  axolotls are slow swimmers and all fish swim fast to ventilate their gillsF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 12

One possible reason that there are not any really large insects currently living on Earth is that

Accepted Answer

A)  gas exchange across their moist skin surfaces cannot support the metabolic needs of a large body.
B)  their lungs never evolved to be as highly branched as a mammal's.
C)  their gills do not have as many lamellae as fish gills.
D)  the bulk flow of air through their tracheal tubes would be more difficult the larger the body and longer the tracheal tubes.
E)  they do not have as many papulae as echinoderms.F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 13

The large number of alveoli in mammalian lungs,the numerous lamellae in fish gills,the papulae of echinoderms,and the extensive tracheal system of insects are all adaptations that optimize what factor in the formula for Fick's Law of Diffusion?

Accepted Answer

A)  D
B)  Δp
C)  d
D)  AE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 14

Chemoreceptors located in the aortic and carotid bodies stimulate the respiratory control center in the brain when the blood ________ decreases.

Accepted Answer

A)  PO2
B)  PCO2
C)  hemoglobin concentration
D)  HCO3- concentration
E)  pHF) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 15

In the above graph,curve ________ is most likely the oxygen-binding curve for normal adult human hemoglobin,curve ________ is most likely that of llama hemoglobin (from a llama population that has lived in the mountains of Peru for thousands of years) ,and curve ________ is most likely that of myoglobin.

Accepted Answer

A)  A; B; C
B)  A; C; B
C)  B; A; C
D)  B; C; A
E)  C; B; AF) B) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 16

Fish and crustaceans are similar in that both use ________ for gas exchange.

Accepted Answer

A)  lungs
B)  tracheal tubes
C)  the walls of the mantle cavity
D)  gills
E)  the moist surface of their skinF) A) and C)
G) None of the above

Question 17

Humans cannot survive long at altitudes greater than 6000 m because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  alveoli become compressed at the lower atmospheric pressures
B)  there is much more CO2 in the atmosphere at the higher altitudes than at sea level
C)  the partial pressure of O2 becomes less than half that at sea level
D)  the diaphragm cannot be contracted enough to produce a full breathE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 18

The respiratory systems of fish and birds are similar in that both________.

Accepted Answer

A)  employ countercurrent exchange.
B)  utilize air sacs.
C)  have unidirectional flow of the environmental medium over the gas exchange surfaces.
D)  have similar partial pressures of oxygen in the environmental medium.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 19

The North American pronghorn antelope can run almost as fast as a cheetah,but unlike the cheetah,can also sustain speeds of 30-40 mph for miles.The pronghorn is about the size of a large,domestic goat.You would predict the antelope to have a ________ than the goat.

Accepted Answer

A)  smaller trachea
B)  higher concentration of hemoglobin
C)  smaller lung volume
D)  lower concentration of myoglobin
E)  lower concentration of bicarbonateF) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 20

In the future,it may be possible to screen for a number of different types of cancer by a simple blood test.If a blood test indicates a very early stage of lung cancer,where is the most likely place that the tumor will be growing?

Accepted Answer

A)  in the wall of a large bronchus
B)  in the wall of an alveolus
C)  in the wall of a pulmonary vein
D)  in the visceral pleural membrane
E)  in the parietal pleural membraneF) None of the above
G) C) and E)

Exam 47: The Respiratory System

Fish and crustaceans are similar in that both use ________ for gas exchange.

Correct Answer
verified

Most phyla of aquatic invertebrates have improved the rate of gas exchange by creating a water current over their respiratory surfaces,thereby ________.

Correct Answer
verified

The external gills of an adult axolotl are not as efficient as fish gills because________.

Correct Answer
verified

What is the likely outcome if you were able to force water through fish gills in the opposite direction to how it normally flows over the gills?

Correct Answer
verified

The exchange of gases across a respiratory surface always occurs by

Correct Answer
verified

The general term that describes the uptake of oxygen from the environment and the disposal of carbon dioxide at the body system level is

Correct Answer
verified

During an asthma attack,allergens trigger the release of histamine,which causes severe constriction of the ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Which blood vessels carry oxygenated blood?

Correct Answer
verified

In the above graph,curve is most likely the oxygen-binding curve for normal adult human hemoglobin,curve is most likely that of llama hemoglobin (from a llama population that has lived in the mountains of Peru for thousands of years) ,and curve is most likely that of myoglobin.

Correct Answer
verified

In the future,it may be possible to screen for a number of different types of cancer by a simple blood test.If a blood test indicates a very early stage of lung cancer,where is the most likely place that the tumor will be growing?

Correct Answer
verified

Chemoreceptors located in the aortic and carotid bodies stimulate the respiratory control center in the brain when the blood ________ decreases.

Correct Answer
verified

One possible reason that there are not any really large insects currently living on Earth is that

Correct Answer
verified

Four-year old Sammy is having a temper-tantrum.In a final attempt to get his way,he yells to his mom,"I'm gonna hold my breath 'til I die!" What is the primary reason that Sammy's mom is unconcerned by this statement?

Correct Answer
verified

Most simple invertebrates obtain their oxygen by diffusion directly from the surrounding

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The respiratory systems of fish and birds are similar in that both________.

Correct Answer
verified

In the above graph,what does the A represent?

Correct Answer
verified

The large number of alveoli in mammalian lungs,the numerous lamellae in fish gills,the papulae of echinoderms,and the extensive tracheal system of insects are all adaptations that optimize what factor in the formula for Fick's Law of Diffusion?

Correct Answer
verified

Humans cannot survive long at altitudes greater than 6000 m because ________.

Correct Answer
verified

The North American pronghorn antelope can run almost as fast as a cheetah,but unlike the cheetah,can also sustain speeds of 30-40 mph for miles.The pronghorn is about the size of a large,domestic goat.You would predict the antelope to have a ________ than the goat.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 47: The Respiratory System

Fish and crustaceans are similar in that both use ________ for gas exchange.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most phyla of aquatic invertebrates have improved the rate of gas exchange by creating a water current over their respiratory surfaces,thereby ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The external gills of an adult axolotl are not as efficient as fish gills because________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the likely outcome if you were able to force water through fish gills in the opposite direction to how it normally flows over the gills?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The exchange of gases across a respiratory surface always occurs by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The general term that describes the uptake of oxygen from the environment and the disposal of carbon dioxide at the body system level is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During an asthma attack,allergens trigger the release of histamine,which causes severe constriction of the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which blood vessels carry oxygenated blood?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the future,it may be possible to screen for a number of different types of cancer by a simple blood test.If a blood test indicates a very early stage of lung cancer,where is the most likely place that the tumor will be growing?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Chemoreceptors located in the aortic and carotid bodies stimulate the respiratory control center in the brain when the blood ________ decreases.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One possible reason that there are not any really large insects currently living on Earth is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Four-year old Sammy is having a temper-tantrum.In a final attempt to get his way,he yells to his mom,"I'm gonna hold my breath 'til I die!" What is the primary reason that Sammy's mom is unconcerned by this statement?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most simple invertebrates obtain their oxygen by diffusion directly from the surrounding

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The respiratory systems of fish and birds are similar in that both________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the above graph,what does the A represent?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The large number of alveoli in mammalian lungs,the numerous lamellae in fish gills,the papulae of echinoderms,and the extensive tracheal system of insects are all adaptations that optimize what factor in the formula for Fick's Law of Diffusion?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Humans cannot survive long at altitudes greater than 6000 m because ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The North American pronghorn antelope can run almost as fast as a cheetah,but unlike the cheetah,can also sustain speeds of 30-40 mph for miles.The pronghorn is about the size of a large,domestic goat.You would predict the antelope to have a ________ than the goat.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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