Question 1

Sodium ions are single atoms.Why can't they simply diffuse through the cell membrane's lipid bilayer?

Accepted Answer

A)  Since they are charged,ions can't cross the hydrophobic center of the membrane without a channel or pump.
B)  Sodium ions are covalently attached in groups of three,which are too large to diffuse easily.
C)  Ions do traverse the membrane easily,but the sodium-potassium pump moves them back across.
D)  Chelator proteins capture any ions that start to cross the bilayer.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 2

When a neuron is not firing,the sodium-potassium pump is inactive.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Which of the following is not part of the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)  sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
B)  spinal cord
C)  parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
D)  somatic nervous system
E)  sensory pathwaysF) B) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 4

Which of the following are examples of biogenic amines?

Accepted Answer

A)  epinephrine and endorphins
B)  GABA and serotonin
C)  epinephrine,dopamine,and GABA
D)  epinephrine,dopamine,and serotonin
E)  epinephrine,norepinephrine,dopamine,and serotoninF) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 5

What is the name for the gap into which neurotransmitters are released?

Accepted Answer

A)  gap junction
B)  synaptic cleft
C)  postsynaptic membrane
D)  presynaptic membrane
E)  impulse channelF) C) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 6

Why are mammalian reflexes so fast? (Check all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  They use neurons with extra-wide axons.
B)  They complete the sensory input-to-motor output circuit in only 2-3 neurons.
C)  They do not send signals to the brain and back.
D)  They activate a large number of sensory neurons,which speeds things up after the motor neuron performs spatial summation.
E)  There was a selective advantage to evolve rapid responses to certain types of stimuli.F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 7

How do temporal and spatial summation improve the processing power of the brain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Temporal summation allows circadian rhythms to regulate neuronal activity.Spatial summation allows latitude to regulate neuronal activity.
B)  Temporal summation allows a neuron to fire prolonged action potentials,and spatial summation allows a neuron to synapse onto new targets.
C)  Temporal and spatial summation both make the neuron more likely to fire action potentials.
D)  Temporal summation allows a neuron to recognize a persistent signal from a single presynaptic cell,and spatial summation allows a neuron to recognize a broad signal from multiple presynaptic cells.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

Which ion channel is primarily responsible for the action potential?

Accepted Answer

A)  the voltage-gated sodium channel
B)  the voltage-gated potassium channel
C)  the ligand-gated sodium channel
D)  the ligand-gated potassium channel
E)  the nongated sodium channelF) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 9

Nerve impulses are electrical signals measured across which structure?

Accepted Answer

A)  lipid sheath of Schwann cell
B)  plasma membrane of neuron
C)  synapse
D)  neuromuscular junctionE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

The doctor informs you that your grandmother's stroke has caused damage to Wernicke's area.Which activity is likely to become more difficult for her?

Accepted Answer

A)  walking
B)  doing laundry
C)  having a conversation
D)  sleeping
E)  mathematical calculationsF) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 11

Which animal phylum lacks a network of nerve cells for gathering information from the environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Porifera - sponges
B)  Cnidaria - jellyfish,sea anemones
C)  Platyhelminthes -- flatworms
D)  Nematoda - roundworms
E)  Mollusca - octopus,squid,clams,snails,and other mollusksF) A) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 12

At myelinated areas of the axon (i.e.between nodes of Ranvier) ,which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is an increased number of voltage-gated sodium channels.
B)  There is increased resistance across the membrane.
C)  There is increased capacitance across the membrane.
D)  There is increased transport of potassium across the membrane.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 13

In vertebrates,the ________ nervous system is composed of the brain and the spinal cord.

Accepted Answer

A)  peripheral
B)  central
C)  somatic
D)  autonomic
E)  sympatheticF) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 14

The spinal cord is enclosed by the vertebral column and layers of protective membranes.What are these membranes called?

Accepted Answer

A)  neural net
B)  white matter
C)  dorsal root
D)  meninges
E)  visceraF) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 15

Which area of the cerebral cortex is important for the formulation of thoughts into speech?

Accepted Answer

A)  Broca's area
B)  the pons
C)  the medulla oblongata
D)  Wernicke's area
E)  the cerebellumF) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Question 16

What is the primary function of the hindbrain in vertebrates?

Accepted Answer

A)  temperature control
B)  integration of sensory data
C)  memory storage
D)  control of the heartbeat
E)  coordination of motor reflexesF) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 17

Place the following events involved in drug addiction in the correct sequence.
 I-The synapse becomes less sensitive,and normal function can only continue in the presence of the drug.
II-CNS responds to increased firing by decreasing the number of drug receptors on the cell membrane.
III-Drug molecule prevents receptor endocytosis and causes overstimulation of the postsynaptic cell.

Accepted Answer

A)  I,II,III
B)  III,II,I
C)  II,III,I
D)  III,I,IIE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

A neuron that engages in spatial summation acquires a mutation that causes dendrite overgrowth and promiscuous synapsing.What is the likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

A)  abnormally low frequency of action potentials
B)  summation will not occur
C)  abnormally high frequency of action potentials
D)  action potentials with stronger depolarizationE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 19

A region of the brain receives both sensory information from ascending nerve tracts and motor commands from the cortex and cerebellum.This region plays an important role in motor control.Which region is it?

Accepted Answer

A)  basal ganglia
B)  pituitary gland
C)  parietal lobe
D)  thalamus
E)  medulla oblongataF) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 20

K+ channels in the heart do not have binding sites for ACh,yet parasympathetic release of ACh causes outward flux of K+ from heart cells.How does this occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  ACh triggers release of epinephrine from the adrenal glands,which in turn causes K+ flux out of heart cells.
B)  ACh binds to a G-protein coupled receptor on heart cells,and the G protein alpha subunit binds to a separate K+ channel and causes it to open.
C)  Parasympathetic neurons activate sympathetic neurons,which directly cause K+ flux from heart cells.
D)  ACh binds and activates a K+ pump on heart cells.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Exam 42: The Nervous System

Correct Answer
verified

K⁺ channels in the heart do not have binding sites for ACh,yet parasympathetic release of ACh causes outward flux of K⁺ from heart cells.How does this occur?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following are examples of biogenic amines?

Correct Answer
verified

When a neuron is not firing,the sodium-potassium pump is inactive.

Correct Answer
verified

The doctor informs you that your grandmother's stroke has caused damage to Wernicke's area.Which activity is likely to become more difficult for her?

Correct Answer
verified

Nerve impulses are electrical signals measured across which structure?

Correct Answer
verified

Which ion channel is primarily responsible for the action potential?

Correct Answer
verified

Which animal phylum lacks a network of nerve cells for gathering information from the environment?

Correct Answer
verified

The spinal cord is enclosed by the vertebral column and layers of protective membranes.What are these membranes called?

Correct Answer
verified

Which area of the cerebral cortex is important for the formulation of thoughts into speech?

Correct Answer
verified

A region of the brain receives both sensory information from ascending nerve tracts and motor commands from the cortex and cerebellum.This region plays an important role in motor control.Which region is it?

Correct Answer
verified

In vertebrates,the ________ nervous system is composed of the brain and the spinal cord.

Correct Answer
verified

What is the primary function of the hindbrain in vertebrates?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is not part of the peripheral nervous system?

Correct Answer
verified

What is the name for the gap into which neurotransmitters are released?

Correct Answer
verified

Sodium ions are single atoms.Why can't they simply diffuse through the cell membrane's lipid bilayer?

Correct Answer
verified

How do temporal and spatial summation improve the processing power of the brain?

Correct Answer
verified

At myelinated areas of the axon (i.e.between nodes of Ranvier) ,which of the following statements is true?

Correct Answer
verified

Why are mammalian reflexes so fast? (Check all that apply.)

Correct Answer
verified

A neuron that engages in spatial summation acquires a mutation that causes dendrite overgrowth and promiscuous synapsing.What is the likely outcome?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 42: The Nervous System

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

K+ channels in the heart do not have binding sites for ACh,yet parasympathetic release of ACh causes outward flux of K+ from heart cells.How does this occur?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following are examples of biogenic amines?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When a neuron is not firing,the sodium-potassium pump is inactive.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The doctor informs you that your grandmother's stroke has caused damage to Wernicke's area.Which activity is likely to become more difficult for her?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nerve impulses are electrical signals measured across which structure?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which ion channel is primarily responsible for the action potential?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which animal phylum lacks a network of nerve cells for gathering information from the environment?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The spinal cord is enclosed by the vertebral column and layers of protective membranes.What are these membranes called?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which area of the cerebral cortex is important for the formulation of thoughts into speech?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A region of the brain receives both sensory information from ascending nerve tracts and motor commands from the cortex and cerebellum.This region plays an important role in motor control.Which region is it?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In vertebrates,the ________ nervous system is composed of the brain and the spinal cord.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the primary function of the hindbrain in vertebrates?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not part of the peripheral nervous system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the name for the gap into which neurotransmitters are released?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sodium ions are single atoms.Why can't they simply diffuse through the cell membrane's lipid bilayer?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How do temporal and spatial summation improve the processing power of the brain?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

At myelinated areas of the axon (i.e.between nodes of Ranvier) ,which of the following statements is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why are mammalian reflexes so fast? (Check all that apply.)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A neuron that engages in spatial summation acquires a mutation that causes dendrite overgrowth and promiscuous synapsing.What is the likely outcome?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

K⁺ channels in the heart do not have binding sites for ACh,yet parasympathetic release of ACh causes outward flux of K⁺ from heart cells.How does this occur?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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