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In a fuel cell, an external source of electrical power is used to drive a nonspontaneous reaction in which a fuel is produced.

A) True
B) False

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A voltaic cell consists of a Hg/Hg22+ electrode (E° = 0.85 V) and a Sn/Sn2+ electrode (E° = -0.14 V) . Calculate [Sn2+] if [Hg22+] = 0.24 M and Ecell = 1.04 V at 25°C.


A) 0.0001 M
B) 0.0007 M
C) 0.005 M
D) 0.03 M
E) 0.05 M

F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

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Calculate ΔG° for the reaction of iron(II) ions with one mole of permanganate ions. MnO4-(aq) + 8H+(aq) + 5e- Calculate ΔG° for the reaction of iron(II)  ions with one mole of permanganate ions. MnO<sub>4</sub>-(aq)  + 8H+(aq)  + 5e-   Mn<sub>2</sub>+(aq)  + 4H<sub>2</sub>O(l)  E° = 1.51 V Fe<sup>3+</sup>(aq)  + e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   Fe<sup>2+</sup>(aq)  E°= 0.77 V A)  -71.4 kJ B)  -286 kJ C)  -357 kJ D)  -428 kJ E)  None of these choices are correct. Mn2+(aq) + 4H2O(l) E° = 1.51 V Fe3+(aq) + e- Calculate ΔG° for the reaction of iron(II)  ions with one mole of permanganate ions. MnO<sub>4</sub>-(aq)  + 8H+(aq)  + 5e-   Mn<sub>2</sub>+(aq)  + 4H<sub>2</sub>O(l)  E° = 1.51 V Fe<sup>3+</sup>(aq)  + e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   Fe<sup>2+</sup>(aq)  E°= 0.77 V A)  -71.4 kJ B)  -286 kJ C)  -357 kJ D)  -428 kJ E)  None of these choices are correct. Fe2+(aq) E°= 0.77 V


A) -71.4 kJ
B) -286 kJ
C) -357 kJ
D) -428 kJ
E) None of these choices are correct.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

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In the shorthand notation for cells, a single vertical line represents a salt bridge.

A) True
B) False

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Which one of the following pairs of substances could be used to construct a single redox electrode (i.e., they have an element in common, but in different oxidation states) ?


A) HCl and Cl-
B) H+ and OH-
C) H2O and H+
D) Fe3+ and Fe2O3
E) MnO2 and Mn2+

F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

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Oxidation occurs at the cathode of a galvanic cell, but at the anode of an electrolytic cell.

A) True
B) False

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Calculate E°cell and indicate whether the overall reaction shown is spontaneous or nonspontaneous. I2(s) + 2e- Calculate E°cell and indicate whether the overall reaction shown is spontaneous or nonspontaneous. I<sub>2</sub>(s)  + 2e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   2I<sup>-</sup>(aq)  E° = 0.53 V Cr<sup>3+</sup>(aq)  + 3e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   Cr(s)  E° = -0.74 V Overall reaction: 2Cr(s)  + 3I<sub>2</sub>(s)  → 2Cr<sup>3+</sup>(aq)  + (aq)  + 6I<sup>-</sup>(aq)  A)  E°<sub>cell</sub> = -1.27 V, spontaneous B)  E°<sub> cell</sub> = -1.27 V, nonspontaneous C)  E°<sub> cell</sub> = 1.27 V, spontaneous D)  E°<sub> cell</sub> = 1.27 V, nonspontaneous E)  E°<sub> cell</sub> = 1.54 V, spontaneous 2I-(aq) E° = 0.53 V Cr3+(aq) + 3e- Calculate E°cell and indicate whether the overall reaction shown is spontaneous or nonspontaneous. I<sub>2</sub>(s)  + 2e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   2I<sup>-</sup>(aq)  E° = 0.53 V Cr<sup>3+</sup>(aq)  + 3e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   Cr(s)  E° = -0.74 V Overall reaction: 2Cr(s)  + 3I<sub>2</sub>(s)  → 2Cr<sup>3+</sup>(aq)  + (aq)  + 6I<sup>-</sup>(aq)  A)  E°<sub>cell</sub> = -1.27 V, spontaneous B)  E°<sub> cell</sub> = -1.27 V, nonspontaneous C)  E°<sub> cell</sub> = 1.27 V, spontaneous D)  E°<sub> cell</sub> = 1.27 V, nonspontaneous E)  E°<sub> cell</sub> = 1.54 V, spontaneous Cr(s) E° = -0.74 V Overall reaction: 2Cr(s) + 3I2(s) → 2Cr3+(aq) + (aq) + 6I-(aq)


A) E°cell = -1.27 V, spontaneous
B) E° cell = -1.27 V, nonspontaneous
C) E° cell = 1.27 V, spontaneous
D) E° cell = 1.27 V, nonspontaneous
E) E° cell = 1.54 V, spontaneous

F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

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Examine the following half-reactions and select the strongest oxidizing agent among the substances. [PtCl4]2-(aq) + 2e- Examine the following half-reactions and select the strongest oxidizing agent among the substances. [PtCl<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2-</sup>(aq)  + 2e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   Pt(s)  + 4Cl<sup>-</sup>(aq)  E° = 0.755 V RuO<sub>4</sub>(s)  + 8H<sup>+</sup>(aq)  + 8e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   Ru(s)  + 4H<sub>2</sub>O(l)  E° = 1.038 V FeO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>(aq)  + 8H<sup>+</sup>(aq)  + 3e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   Fe<sup>3+</sup>(aq)  + 4H<sub>2</sub>O(l)  E° = 2.07 V H<sub>4</sub>XeO<sub>6</sub>(aq)  + 2H<sup>+</sup>(aq)  + 2e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   XeO<sub>3</sub>(aq)  + 3H<sub>2</sub>O(l)  E° = 2.42 V A)  [PtCl<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2-</sup>(aq)  B)  RuO<sub>4</sub>(s)  C)  HFeO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup> (aq)  D)  H<sub>4</sub>XeO<sub>6</sub>(aq)  E)  Cl<sup>-</sup>(aq) Pt(s) + 4Cl-(aq) E° = 0.755 V RuO4(s) + 8H+(aq) + 8e- Examine the following half-reactions and select the strongest oxidizing agent among the substances. [PtCl<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2-</sup>(aq)  + 2e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   Pt(s)  + 4Cl<sup>-</sup>(aq)  E° = 0.755 V RuO<sub>4</sub>(s)  + 8H<sup>+</sup>(aq)  + 8e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   Ru(s)  + 4H<sub>2</sub>O(l)  E° = 1.038 V FeO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>(aq)  + 8H<sup>+</sup>(aq)  + 3e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   Fe<sup>3+</sup>(aq)  + 4H<sub>2</sub>O(l)  E° = 2.07 V H<sub>4</sub>XeO<sub>6</sub>(aq)  + 2H<sup>+</sup>(aq)  + 2e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   XeO<sub>3</sub>(aq)  + 3H<sub>2</sub>O(l)  E° = 2.42 V A)  [PtCl<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2-</sup>(aq)  B)  RuO<sub>4</sub>(s)  C)  HFeO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup> (aq)  D)  H<sub>4</sub>XeO<sub>6</sub>(aq)  E)  Cl<sup>-</sup>(aq) Ru(s) + 4H2O(l) E° = 1.038 V FeO42-(aq) + 8H+(aq) + 3e- Examine the following half-reactions and select the strongest oxidizing agent among the substances. [PtCl<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2-</sup>(aq)  + 2e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   Pt(s)  + 4Cl<sup>-</sup>(aq)  E° = 0.755 V RuO<sub>4</sub>(s)  + 8H<sup>+</sup>(aq)  + 8e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   Ru(s)  + 4H<sub>2</sub>O(l)  E° = 1.038 V FeO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>(aq)  + 8H<sup>+</sup>(aq)  + 3e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   Fe<sup>3+</sup>(aq)  + 4H<sub>2</sub>O(l)  E° = 2.07 V H<sub>4</sub>XeO<sub>6</sub>(aq)  + 2H<sup>+</sup>(aq)  + 2e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   XeO<sub>3</sub>(aq)  + 3H<sub>2</sub>O(l)  E° = 2.42 V A)  [PtCl<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2-</sup>(aq)  B)  RuO<sub>4</sub>(s)  C)  HFeO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup> (aq)  D)  H<sub>4</sub>XeO<sub>6</sub>(aq)  E)  Cl<sup>-</sup>(aq) Fe3+(aq) + 4H2O(l) E° = 2.07 V H4XeO6(aq) + 2H+(aq) + 2e- Examine the following half-reactions and select the strongest oxidizing agent among the substances. [PtCl<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2-</sup>(aq)  + 2e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   Pt(s)  + 4Cl<sup>-</sup>(aq)  E° = 0.755 V RuO<sub>4</sub>(s)  + 8H<sup>+</sup>(aq)  + 8e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   Ru(s)  + 4H<sub>2</sub>O(l)  E° = 1.038 V FeO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>(aq)  + 8H<sup>+</sup>(aq)  + 3e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   Fe<sup>3+</sup>(aq)  + 4H<sub>2</sub>O(l)  E° = 2.07 V H<sub>4</sub>XeO<sub>6</sub>(aq)  + 2H<sup>+</sup>(aq)  + 2e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   XeO<sub>3</sub>(aq)  + 3H<sub>2</sub>O(l)  E° = 2.42 V A)  [PtCl<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2-</sup>(aq)  B)  RuO<sub>4</sub>(s)  C)  HFeO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup> (aq)  D)  H<sub>4</sub>XeO<sub>6</sub>(aq)  E)  Cl<sup>-</sup>(aq) XeO3(aq) + 3H2O(l) E° = 2.42 V


A) [PtCl4]2-(aq)
B) RuO4(s)
C) HFeO4- (aq)
D) H4XeO6(aq)
E) Cl-(aq)

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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A current of 250. A flows for 24.0 hours at an anode where the reaction occurring is Mn2+(aq) + 2H2O(l) → MnO2(s) + 4H+(aq) + 2e- What mass of MnO2 is deposited at this anode?


A) 19.5 kg
B) 12.9 kg
C) 4.87 kg
D) 2.43 kg
E) None of these choices are correct.

F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

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A voltaic cell consists of a Mn/Mn2+ electrode (E° = -1.18 V) and a Fe/Fe2+ electrode (E° = -0.44 V) . Calculate [Fe2+] if [Mn2+] = 0.050 M and E cell = 0.78 V at 25°C.


A) 0.040 M
B) 0.24 M
C) 1.1 M
D) 1.8 M
E) None of these choices are correct.

F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

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If the equilibrium constant Kc is greater than 1 for a given reaction, predict the signs of ΔG° and E° at the same temperature.


A) ΔG° > 0; E° > 0
B) ΔG° < 0; E° < 0
C) ΔG° > 0; E° < 0
D) ΔG° < 0; E° > 0
E) Cannot predict - it depends on the temperature.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

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Examine the following half-reactions and select the strongest reducing agent among the species listed. HgO(s) + H2O(l) + 2e- Examine the following half-reactions and select the strongest reducing agent among the species listed. HgO(s)  + H2O(l)  + 2e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   Hg(l)  + 2OH<sup>-</sup>(aq)  E°= 0.0977 V Zn(OH) <sub>2</sub>(s)  + 2e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   Zn(s)  + 2OH<sup>-</sup>(aq)  E° = -1.25 V Ag<sub>2</sub>O(s)  + H<sub>2</sub>O(l)  + 2e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   Ag(s)  + 2OH<sup>-</sup>(aq)  E° = 0.342 V B(OH) <sub>3</sub>(aq)  + 7H<sup>+</sup>(aq)  + 8e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   BH4<sup>-</sup>(aq)  + 3H<sub>2</sub>O(l)  E° = -0.481 V A)  Hg(l)  B)  Zn(s)  C)  Ag(s)  D)  BH<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>(aq)  E)  Zn(OH) <sub>2</sub>(s) Hg(l) + 2OH-(aq) E°= 0.0977 V Zn(OH) 2(s) + 2e- Examine the following half-reactions and select the strongest reducing agent among the species listed. HgO(s)  + H2O(l)  + 2e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   Hg(l)  + 2OH<sup>-</sup>(aq)  E°= 0.0977 V Zn(OH) <sub>2</sub>(s)  + 2e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   Zn(s)  + 2OH<sup>-</sup>(aq)  E° = -1.25 V Ag<sub>2</sub>O(s)  + H<sub>2</sub>O(l)  + 2e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   Ag(s)  + 2OH<sup>-</sup>(aq)  E° = 0.342 V B(OH) <sub>3</sub>(aq)  + 7H<sup>+</sup>(aq)  + 8e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   BH4<sup>-</sup>(aq)  + 3H<sub>2</sub>O(l)  E° = -0.481 V A)  Hg(l)  B)  Zn(s)  C)  Ag(s)  D)  BH<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>(aq)  E)  Zn(OH) <sub>2</sub>(s) Zn(s) + 2OH-(aq) E° = -1.25 V Ag2O(s) + H2O(l) + 2e- Examine the following half-reactions and select the strongest reducing agent among the species listed. HgO(s)  + H2O(l)  + 2e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   Hg(l)  + 2OH<sup>-</sup>(aq)  E°= 0.0977 V Zn(OH) <sub>2</sub>(s)  + 2e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   Zn(s)  + 2OH<sup>-</sup>(aq)  E° = -1.25 V Ag<sub>2</sub>O(s)  + H<sub>2</sub>O(l)  + 2e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   Ag(s)  + 2OH<sup>-</sup>(aq)  E° = 0.342 V B(OH) <sub>3</sub>(aq)  + 7H<sup>+</sup>(aq)  + 8e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   BH4<sup>-</sup>(aq)  + 3H<sub>2</sub>O(l)  E° = -0.481 V A)  Hg(l)  B)  Zn(s)  C)  Ag(s)  D)  BH<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>(aq)  E)  Zn(OH) <sub>2</sub>(s) Ag(s) + 2OH-(aq) E° = 0.342 V B(OH) 3(aq) + 7H+(aq) + 8e- Examine the following half-reactions and select the strongest reducing agent among the species listed. HgO(s)  + H2O(l)  + 2e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   Hg(l)  + 2OH<sup>-</sup>(aq)  E°= 0.0977 V Zn(OH) <sub>2</sub>(s)  + 2e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   Zn(s)  + 2OH<sup>-</sup>(aq)  E° = -1.25 V Ag<sub>2</sub>O(s)  + H<sub>2</sub>O(l)  + 2e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   Ag(s)  + 2OH<sup>-</sup>(aq)  E° = 0.342 V B(OH) <sub>3</sub>(aq)  + 7H<sup>+</sup>(aq)  + 8e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   BH4<sup>-</sup>(aq)  + 3H<sub>2</sub>O(l)  E° = -0.481 V A)  Hg(l)  B)  Zn(s)  C)  Ag(s)  D)  BH<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>(aq)  E)  Zn(OH) <sub>2</sub>(s) BH4-(aq) + 3H2O(l) E° = -0.481 V


A) Hg(l)
B) Zn(s)
C) Ag(s)
D) BH4-(aq)
E) Zn(OH) 2(s)

F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

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In the shorthand notation for cells, a double vertical line is used to separate the reduced and oxidized forms of a redox couple.

A) True
B) False

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A voltaic cell has a standard cell potential equal to 0.74 V. If the standard electrode (reduction) potential for the anode is -0.22 V, what is the standard electrode potential for the cathode?


A) 0.96 V
B) 0.52 V
C) -0.52 V
D) -0.96 V
E) Need to know the cell reaction in order to calculate the answer.

F) A) and C)
G) C) and D)

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For the reaction occurring in a voltaic (galvanic) cell, ΔG > 0.

A) True
B) False

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If the electrodes of a voltaic cell are connected with an external wire, electrons will flow in this wire from the cathode to the anode.

A) True
B) False

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Predict the products of the cell reaction when a molten salt mixture of sodium bromide and calcium fluoride is electrolyzed (spectator ions are not considered to be products) .


A) calcium and bromine
B) sodium and fluorine
C) calcium bromide
D) calcium and fluorine
E) sodium and bromine

F) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

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Consider the following balanced redox reaction 3CuO(s) + 2NH3(aq) → N2(g) + 3H2O(l) + 3Cu(s) Which of the following statements is true?


A) CuO(s) is the oxidizing agent and copper is reduced.
B) CuO(s) is the oxidizing agent and copper is oxidized.
C) CuO(s) is the reducing agent and copper is oxidized.
D) CuO(s) is the reducing agent and copper is reduced.
E) CuO(s) is the oxidizing agent and N2(g) is the reducing agent.

F) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

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A voltaic cell prepared using aluminum and nickel has the following cell notation. Al(s) | Al3+(aq) || Ni2+(aq) | Ni(s) Which of the following represents the correctly balanced spontaneous reaction equation for the cell?


A) Ni2+(aq) + Al(s) → Al3+(aq) + Ni(s)
B) 3Ni2+(aq) + 2Al(s) → 2Al3+(aq) + 3Ni(s)
C) Ni(s) + Al3+(aq) → Ni2+(aq) + Al(s)
D) 3Ni(s) + 2Al3+(aq) → 3Ni2+(aq) + 2Al(s)
E) None of these choices are correct.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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When the following redox equation is balanced with smallest whole number coefficients, the coefficient for the hydrogen sulfate ion will be Al(s) + HSO4(aq) + OH-(aq) → Al2O3(s) + S2-(aq) + H2O(l)


A) 1.
B) 3.
C) 4.
D) 8.
E) None of these choices are correct.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

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