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Sherry is expecting her second child. She bought a book to help her daughter understand how the new baby is developing in the womb. After learning some terms, Sherry asks her daughter, "Which part will develop into hair and fingernails?" The answer is the:


A) mesoderm.
B) ectoderm.
C) trophoblast.
D) endoderm.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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The embryo's _____ develops into the digestive and respiratory systems.


A) ectoderm
B) endoderm
C) trophoblast
D) mesoderm

E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following is TRUE of mitosis in humans?


A) Mitosis is the cellular reproduction that occurs in the sperm and egg cells.
B) Mitosis results in the formation of four new cells.
C) Mitosis results in the formation of new cells with 23 pairs of chromosomes.
D) Mitosis results in the formation of three new cells.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Who is MOST likely to develop an X-linked disease?


A) Males
B) Females
C) Children of either gender
D) People with blonde hair

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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In 2013, records showed a 34% increase in the number of low-birth-weight and preterm infants since the 1980s. What are some of the factors leading to this change?

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Factors include the increasing number of...

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Which of the following is NOT associated with the use of marijuana during pregnancy?


A) Stillbirth
B) Lower intelligence in children
C) Use of marijuana by the offspring at a later age
D) High self-esteem

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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By the time babies are born, they have approximately _____ neurons.


A) 10 million
B) 200 million
C) 1 billion
D) 100 billion

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Klinefelter syndrome occurs when an individual has a chromosomal pattern of:


A) XY.
B) XX.
C) XXY.
D) XYY.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Emma and Anna are identical twins who were adopted by different families a few weeks after birth. Although genetically identical, they grew up with different physical and psychological characteristics. For example, though both inherited a tendency to grow large, Anna was slim and athletic due to the active lifestyle practiced in her adoptive family. This variability can be explained by how:


A) each zygote is unique.
B) longevity genes can make an individual less vulnerable to certain diseases.
C) for each genotype, a range of phenotypes can be expressed.
D) mutated genes can be a source of genetic variability.

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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Maternal obesity has been linked to all of the following EXCEPT:


A) stillbirth.
B) diabetes.
C) extreme preterm delivery.
D) cleft palate.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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What is the rationale for the practice of waterbirth?


A) Water pressure reduces the strain of contractions.
B) It creates an environment similar to that inside the amniotic sac.
C) Getting into water speeds up the labor process.
D) Water makes the contractions more intense.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Which of the following statements about cocaine use during pregnancy is true?


A) Cocaine quickly crosses the placenta to reach the fetus.
B) Cocaine is broken down in the mother's bloodstream before it can reach the fetus.
C) Cocaine molecules are too large to pass through the placenta.
D) Cocaine exposure during prenatal development has no negative effects on the fetus.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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In human beings, by the end of meiosis, each egg or sperm has _____ chromosomes.


A) 46 paired
B) 23 unpaired
C) 23 paired
D) 46 unpaired

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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Short segments of DNA that are located on the chromosomes, considered to be the basic units of hereditary information.

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The _____ view states that development is the result of an ongoing, bidirectional interchange between heredity and the environment.


A) epigenetic
B) biosocial
C) sociogenetic
D) socioenvironmental

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Which of the following is TRUE of phenylketonuria?


A) It results from a recessive gene.
B) It may be treated with insulin.
C) It results in death by five years of age.
D) It is caused by an accumulation of lipids in the nervous system.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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Which maternal age group has increased risk of low birth weight, preterm delivery, and fetal death?


A) Age 18 years or younger
B) Between 18 and 25 years
C) Between 19 and 30 years
D) Age 35 years and older

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Define gene * environment (G * E) interaction. Give an example of a study (either your own or one from the book) that could illustrate the interaction between genes and the environment.

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Gene * environment (G * E) interaction r...

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The food-scarce environment of our ancestors likely led to humans' propensity to gorge when food is available and to crave high-caloric foods-a trait that might lead to an epidemic of obesity when food is plentiful. This illustrates how:


A) socialization influences the development of behavior and cognitive skills in human beings.
B) evolved mechanisms are not always adaptive in contemporary society.
C) organisms pass on characteristics they had acquired during their lifetime to their offspring.
D) the benefits of evolutionary selection decrease with age.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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A complex molecule, with a double helix shape, that contains genetic information.

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DNA (deoxy...

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