Question 1

Transition elements from the left side of the periodic table are generally found as

Accepted Answer

A)   sulfides because they tend to give up bonding electrons and form crystals with high lattice energies with sulfur.
B)   sulfides because their electronegativities favor formation of covalent bonds with the polarizable sulfide anion.
C)   oxides because they tend to give up bonding electrons and form crystals with high lattice energies with oxygen.
D)   oxides because oxygen, with its high electronegativity, forms strong covalent bonds with them.
E)   the uncombined elements, because they are noble metals.F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 2

The final step of the purification of copper involves electrorefining in which copper is separated from nickel and iron by being reduced at the cathode of a cell. Why are nickel and iron not reduced?

Accepted Answer

A)   Their reduction potentials are more positive than copper's.
B)   Their reduction potentials are more negative than copper's.
C)   They cannot be deposited on a copper electrode.
D)   Their reduction potentials are more negative than water's.
E)   Their reduction requires large overvoltages.F) B) and E)
G) A) and C) B

Question 3

Nitrogen fixation occurs through atmospheric, industrial, and biological processes. Which of these fixes the most nitrogen?

Accepted Answer

A)   biological
B)   atmospheric
C)   industrial
D)   industrial ≈\approx≈  atmospheric
E)   industrial  ≈\approx≈ biological F) B) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 4

Compared to the asbestos diaphragm-cell used in the chlor-alkali process, list
A) one main advantage and one disadvantage of mercury cells.
B) two important advantages of polymer membrane-cells.

Accepted Answer

a. Purer NaOH product is forme...

Question 5

The main effect of the biosphere on the chemistry of the earth's crust has been to

Accepted Answer

A)   create a reducing atmosphere.
B)   create an oxidizing atmosphere.
C)   increase the relative humidity.
D)   decrease the relative humidity.
E)   increase the level of atmospheric carbon dioxide.F) All of the above
G) B) and E) B

Question 6

Plants extract phosphate from the soil

Accepted Answer

A)   by converting it to the dihydrogen phosphate ion by addition of acid to the soil near roots.
B)   by converting it to phosphoric acid.
C)   by osmosis.
D)   by leaching.
E)   by fixation.F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 7

The process that selectively extracts a metal from its ore, by dissolving it, is called

Accepted Answer

A)   roasting.
B)   leaching.
C)   smelting.
D)   flotation.
E)   hydration.F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

Question 8

The most abundant element in the Earth's crust is:

Accepted Answer

A)   H
B)   Fe
C)   Al
D)   Si
E)   OF) All of the above
G) B) and D)

Question 9

The bond energy in the hydrogen molecule (H2) is greater than that of the tritium molecule (T2).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The process used to produce silicon with a purity of more than 99.999999% is called

Accepted Answer

A)   zone refining.
B)   electrorefining.
C)   distillation.
D)   sublimation.
E)   alloying.F) B) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 11

The process in which a gaseous substance is converted into a condensed, more usable chemical substance is called

Accepted Answer

A)   differentiation.
B)   liquefaction.
C)   fixation.
D)   deposition.
E)   remediation.F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 12

Lightning, fires and other atmospheric processes result in the formation of nitric acid, HNO3, from atmospheric N2, O2 and H2O. Write balanced chemical equations to represent the three reactions involved in the formation of HNO3 by this route.

Accepted Answer

Question 13

The most common source for commercial production of aluminum is called

Accepted Answer

A)   aluminite.
B)   hematite.
C)   galena.
D)   cinnabar.
E)   bauxite.F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 14

The alkali metals are isolated from non-aqueous systems. Why is this necessary?

Accepted Answer

A)   The electrolysis of aqueous solutions of the alkali metals requires more energy than electrolysis of the molten salts.
B)   The dissolved alkali earth halides are too reactive to be electrolyzed.
C)   The aqueous metal ions are more difficult to reduce than water.
D)   The reduction potentials of the alkali metals are more positive than the reduction potential of water.
E)   The aqueous metal ions react violently with water.F) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 15

.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The purpose of anodizing aluminum is to remove the oxide layer from the metal's surface.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 17

What elements are alloyed to make stainless steel?

Accepted Answer

A)   Fe and C
B)   Fe and Mn
C)   Fe and Ni
D)   Fe and Ni.
E)   Fe, Cr and NiF) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 18

Which of the following reactions is a good small-scale laboratory method for preparation of hydrogen?

Accepted Answer

A)   CH4(g)  + H2O(g)   →\rightarrow→  CO(g)  + 3H2(g) 
B)   3FeCl2(s)  + 4H2O(g)  →\rightarrow→ Fe3O4(s)  + 6HCl(g)  + H2(g) 
C)   NaH(s)  + H2O(l)   →\rightarrow→ NaOH(aq)  + H2(g) 
D)   CO(g)  + H2O(g)   →\rightarrow→  CO2(g)  + H2(g) 
E)   None of these methods is useful. F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 19

The kinetic isotope effect is the basis for

Accepted Answer

A)   the radioactivity of tritium.
B)   isolation of pure D2O.
C)   tritium's high reactivity.
D)   the increase in boiling point when comparing hydrogen, deuterium and tritium.
E)   nuclear power generation.F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 20

Potassium is produced industrially by the reaction Na(l) + K+(l)  Na+(l) + K(g). The reaction is carried out at 850$\degree$C, but the equilibrium Kc constant strongly favors the reactants. Explain how the conditions are manipulated to ensure a good yield of potassium despite the small value of Kc.

Accepted Answer

The gaseous potassium product ...

Exam 22: The Elements in Nature and Industry

Transition elements from the left side of the periodic table are generally found as

Correct Answer
verified

The final step of the purification of copper involves electrorefining in which copper is separated from nickel and iron by being reduced at the cathode of a cell. Why are nickel and iron not reduced?

Correct Answer
verified
B

Nitrogen fixation occurs through atmospheric, industrial, and biological processes. Which of these fixes the most nitrogen?

Correct Answer
verified

Compared to the asbestos diaphragm-cell used in the chlor-alkali process, list A) one main advantage and one disadvantage of mercury cells. B) two important advantages of polymer membrane-cells.

Correct Answer
verified
a. Purer NaOH product is forme...
View Answer

The main effect of the biosphere on the chemistry of the earth's crust has been to

Correct Answer
verified
B

Plants extract phosphate from the soil

Correct Answer
verified

The process that selectively extracts a metal from its ore, by dissolving it, is called

Correct Answer
verified

The most abundant element in the Earth's crust is:

Correct Answer
verified

The bond energy in the hydrogen molecule (H₂) is greater than that of the tritium molecule (T₂).

Correct Answer
verified

The process used to produce silicon with a purity of more than 99.999999% is called

Correct Answer
verified

The process in which a gaseous substance is converted into a condensed, more usable chemical substance is called

Correct Answer
verified

Lightning, fires and other atmospheric processes result in the formation of nitric acid, HNO₃, from atmospheric N₂, O₂ and H₂O. Write balanced chemical equations to represent the three reactions involved in the formation of HNO₃ by this route.

Correct Answer
verified

The most common source for commercial production of aluminum is called

Correct Answer
verified

The alkali metals are isolated from non-aqueous systems. Why is this necessary?

Correct Answer
verified

.

Correct Answer
verified

The purpose of anodizing aluminum is to remove the oxide layer from the metal's surface.

Correct Answer
verified
False

What elements are alloyed to make stainless steel?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following reactions is a good small-scale laboratory method for preparation of hydrogen?

Correct Answer
verified

The kinetic isotope effect is the basis for

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
The gaseous potassium product ...
View Answer

Exam 22: The Elements in Nature and Industry

Transition elements from the left side of the periodic table are generally found as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The final step of the purification of copper involves electrorefining in which copper is separated from nickel and iron by being reduced at the cathode of a cell. Why are nickel and iron not reduced?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Nitrogen fixation occurs through atmospheric, industrial, and biological processes. Which of these fixes the most nitrogen?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compared to the asbestos diaphragm-cell used in the chlor-alkali process, list A) one main advantage and one disadvantage of mercury cells. B) two important advantages of polymer membrane-cells.

Correct Answerverifieda. Purer NaOH product is forme...View AnswerShow Answer

The main effect of the biosphere on the chemistry of the earth's crust has been to

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Plants extract phosphate from the soil

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The process that selectively extracts a metal from its ore, by dissolving it, is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most abundant element in the Earth's crust is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The bond energy in the hydrogen molecule (H2) is greater than that of the tritium molecule (T2).

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The process used to produce silicon with a purity of more than 99.999999% is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The process in which a gaseous substance is converted into a condensed, more usable chemical substance is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Lightning, fires and other atmospheric processes result in the formation of nitric acid, HNO3, from atmospheric N2, O2 and H2O. Write balanced chemical equations to represent the three reactions involved in the formation of HNO3 by this route.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most common source for commercial production of aluminum is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The alkali metals are isolated from non-aqueous systems. Why is this necessary?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The purpose of anodizing aluminum is to remove the oxide layer from the metal's surface.

Correct AnswerverifiedFalse

What elements are alloyed to make stainless steel?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following reactions is a good small-scale laboratory method for preparation of hydrogen?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The kinetic isotope effect is the basis for

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedThe gaseous potassium product ...View AnswerShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
B

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
a. Purer NaOH product is forme...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
B

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The bond energy in the hydrogen molecule (H₂) is greater than that of the tritium molecule (T₂).

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Lightning, fires and other atmospheric processes result in the formation of nitric acid, HNO₃, from atmospheric N₂, O₂ and H₂O. Write balanced chemical equations to represent the three reactions involved in the formation of HNO₃ by this route.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
False

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
The gaseous potassium product ...
View Answer