Question 1

What type of tissue is responsible for the expansion of the urinary bladder during filling?

Accepted Answer

A)   transitional epithelium
B)   stratified squamous epithelium
C)   pseudostratified columnar epithelium
D)   stratified columnar epitheliumE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 2

The movement of fluid into Bowman's capsule is opposed by

Accepted Answer

A)   filtration pressure.
B)   capsular hydrostatic pressure.
C)   glomerular capillary pressure.
D)   osmotic pressure of the medulla of the kidney.
E)   blood pressure.F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 3

Urine flows through the ureters to the bladder as the result of

Accepted Answer

A)   gravity.
B)   a pressure gradient.
C)   a concentration gradient.
D)   peristaltic contractions.
E)   osmotic gradient.F) B) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 4

If the following hypothetical conditions exist in the nephron, calculate the net filtration pressure. glomerular capillary pressure = 80 mmHg
Blood colloid osmotic pressure = 20 mmHg
Capsular hydrostatic pressure = 10 mmHg

Accepted Answer

A)   110 mmHg
B)   90 mmHg
C)   50 mmHg
D)   30 mmHg
E)   20 mmHgF) C) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 5

With aging, a loss of inhibitory action potentials to the sacral region of the spinal cord results in

Accepted Answer

A)   increased bladder capacity.
B)   voluntary micturition.
C)   continuous dribbling of urine.
D)   uncontrollable micturition.
E)   lack of control of internal sphincter.F) C) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 6

Intense sympathetic stimulation of the kidney

Accepted Answer

A)   is necessary for normal kidney metabolism.
B)   causes the release of epinephrine from the kidney.
C)   decreases renal flow.
D)   increases filtration rate.
E)   does not alter filtration rate.F) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 7

What part of the urinary bladder expands very little during bladder filling?

Accepted Answer

A)   the fundus
B)   the trigone
C)   the neck
D)   transitional epitheliumE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 8

The juxtaglomerular apparatus is composed of

Accepted Answer

A)   juxtaglomerular cells and the macula densa.
B)   podocytes and juxtaglomerular cells.
C)   the macula densa and the filtration membrane.
D)   juxtaglomerular cells and the filtration membrane.
E)   glomerulus and Bowman's capsule.F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

Question 9

Urine is prevented from flowing back into the ureters from the bladder by ________________.

Accepted Answer

A)   compression of the ureteral openings
B)   the external urethral sphincter
C)   the internal urethral sphincter
D)   the ureteral sphincters
E)   ureteral valvesF) C) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 10

If the tubular maximum for a particular amino acid is 200 mg/100 ml and the concentration of that amino acid in the blood is 100 mg/100 ml, the amino acid

Accepted Answer

A)   will be actively secreted into the filtrate.
B)   will be completely reabsorbed by the tubule cells.
C)   will appear in the urine.
D)   will not appear in the urine.
E)   None of these choices is correct.F) C) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 11

The visceral layer of Bowman's capsule

Accepted Answer

A)   is part of the filtration membrane.
B)   is called endothelium.
C)   contains podocytes.
D)   is part of the filtration membrane and is called endothelium.
E)   is part of the filtration membrane and contains podocytes.F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 12

In the sodium-hydrogen antiport system,

Accepted Answer

A)   both sodium ions and hydrogen ions are transported into the tubular lumen.
B)   both sodium ions and hydrogen ions are transported into the tubular cell.
C)   sodium ions are transported into the cell; hydrogen ions are transported out of the cell.
D)   sodium ions are transported into the tubular lumen; hydrogen ions are transported into the cell.
E)   sodium ions are transported out of the cell; hydrogen ions are transported into the cell.F) B) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 13

Decreased blood colloid osmotic pressure affects renal function by

Accepted Answer

A)   increasing net filtration pressure.
B)   increasing capsular pressure.
C)   increasing glomerular capillary pressure.
D)   increasing blood pressure in the afferent arteriole.
E)   None of these choices is correct.F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 14

Water reabsorption by the renal tubules uses

Accepted Answer

A)   active transport.
B)   cotransport.
C)   solvent drag.
D)   osmosis.
E)   None of these choices is correct.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 15

The part of the cardiac output that passes through the kidneys is the

Accepted Answer

A)   renal fraction.
B)   filtration fraction.
C)   clearance fraction.
D)   glomerular flow rate.
E)   cardiac fraction.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 16

Which of the following functions would not be performed by the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)   urine storage
B)   excretion of waste
C)   maintenance of fluid balance
D)   regulate synthesis of vitamin D
E)   regulate synthesis of RBCsF) B) and C)
G) All of the above

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging on the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A)   decrease in kidney size
B)   loss of nephrons
C)   decreased response to hormonal control of urine volume
D)   a marked decrease in the ability to maintain homeostasisE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 18

One feature of renal blood circulation that makes it unique is that

Accepted Answer

A)   there is a double set of venules.
B)   blood flows from arterioles into venules.
C)   blood flows from venules into arterioles.
D)   each nephron has at least two capillary networks.
E)   the nephron is only associated with the glomerulus.F) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 19

Choose the term that does not belong.

Accepted Answer

A)   glomerulus
B)   macula densa
C)   juxtaglomerular cells
D)   juxtaglomerular apparatus
E)   afferent arterioleF) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 20

When macula densa cells experience increased Na+ concentration in the filtrate, they respond by

Accepted Answer

A)   increasing afferent arteriole constriction.
B)   decreasing urine production.
C)   decreasing renin secretion.
D)   increasing aldosterone secretion.
E)   increasing renin secretionF) B) and E)
G) None of the above

Exam 26: Urinary System

Which of the following functions would not be performed by the kidney?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What part of the urinary bladder expands very little during bladder filling?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The movement of fluid into Bowman's capsule is opposed by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the following hypothetical conditions exist in the nephron, calculate the net filtration pressure. glomerular capillary pressure = 80 mmHg Blood colloid osmotic pressure = 20 mmHg Capsular hydrostatic pressure = 10 mmHg

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One feature of renal blood circulation that makes it unique is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

With aging, a loss of inhibitory action potentials to the sacral region of the spinal cord results in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the tubular maximum for a particular amino acid is 200 mg/100 ml and the concentration of that amino acid in the blood is 100 mg/100 ml, the amino acid

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Decreased blood colloid osmotic pressure affects renal function by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Urine is prevented from flowing back into the ureters from the bladder by ________________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When macula densa cells experience increased Na+ concentration in the filtrate, they respond by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Intense sympathetic stimulation of the kidney

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The part of the cardiac output that passes through the kidneys is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The visceral layer of Bowman's capsule

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the sodium-hydrogen antiport system,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Choose the term that does not belong.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Urine flows through the ureters to the bladder as the result of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The juxtaglomerular apparatus is composed of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What type of tissue is responsible for the expansion of the urinary bladder during filling?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Water reabsorption by the renal tubules uses

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging on the kidneys?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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When macula densa cells experience increased Na⁺ concentration in the filtrate, they respond by

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