Question 1

A decrease in plasma calcium ion concentration stimulates the release of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   ADH
B)   aldosterone
C)   bicarbonate ion
D)   parathyroid hormoneE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 2

What change in fluid concentration leads to water intoxication?

Accepted Answer

A)   Hypertonic extracellular fluid
B)   Hypotonic extracellular fluid
C)   Isotonic intracellular fluid
D)   Hypertonic intracellular fluidE) B) and C)
F) A) and D) B

Question 3

What type of acid-base imbalance can develop when a patient with diabetes mellitus is converting fatty acids to ketone bodies?

Accepted Answer

A)   Respiratory acidosis
B)   Respiratory alkalosis
C)   Metabolic acidosis
D)   Metabolic alkalosisE) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 4

The aerobic metabolism of glucose produces __________ acid, and the anaerobic metabolism of glucose produces __________ acid.

Accepted Answer

A)   carbonic; lactic
B)   lactic; phosphoric
C)   lactic; carbonic
D)   phosphoric; carbonicE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

What type of acid-base imbalance can result from the obstruction of the airways?

Accepted Answer

A)   Respiratory acidosis
B)   Respiratory alkalosis
C)   Metabolic acidosis
D)   Metabolic alkalosisE) C) and D)
F) A) and D) A

Question 6

Gerald just finished playing a couple of games of pick-up basketball in the park and has become dehydrated. In addition to triggering thirst, how else might his body respond to reestablish homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Reduce secretion of ADH
B)   Increase secretion of ADHC) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 7

Water intoxication is associated with a(n)  __________ plasma concentration of sodium.

Accepted Answer

A)   decreased
B)   increasedC) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 8

The volume of urine produced is regulated mainly by the effect of __________ hormone on the renal tubules.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The volume of urine produced is regulated...

Question 9

What is the function of the class of compounds called diuretics?

Accepted Answer

A)   Increase urine output
B)   Decrease urine output
C)   Increase blood pH
D)   Decrease blood pHE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 10

How does drinking alcohol produce its diuretic effect?

Accepted Answer

A)   By inhibiting the release of ADH
B)   By promoting the release of ADH
C)   By inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium
D)   By promoting the reabsorption of sodiumE) C) and D)
F) All of the above A

Question 11

Substances that release ions that combine with hydrogen ions are called __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Substances that release ions that combine with...

Question 12

The phosphate buffer system helps regulate pH within cells. If too much hydrogen ion is released within the cell reducing the pH, what reaction will occur?

Accepted Answer

A)   HPO 4 -2 + H + → H 2PO 4 -
B)   HPO 4 -2 → H 2PO 4 - + H +
C)   H + → H 2PO 4 - + HPO 4 -2
D)   H 2PO 4 - → HPO 4 -2 + H +E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

When water output exceeds water intake, what condition develops?

Accepted Answer

A)   Dehydration
B)   Water intoxication
C)   Alkalosis
D)   AcidosisE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 14

What effect does metabolic acidosis have on respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)   Increases respiratory rate
B)   Decreases respiratory rateC) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 15

An increase in potassium concentration in the blood will stimulate the release of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   ADH
B)   aldosterone
C)   bicarbonate ion
D)   parathyroid hormoneE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

Which condition would trigger thirst?

Accepted Answer

A)   Increased plasma-solute concentration
B)   Decreased plasma-solute concentrationC) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 17

What is the function of the hormone aldosterone?

Accepted Answer

A)   Promotes reabsorption of sodium from renal tubules
B)   Promotes secretion of sodium into renal tubules
C)   Promotes reabsorption of potassium from renal tubules
D)   Promotes secretion of calcium into renal tubulesE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

The fluid contained in __________ is part of the fluid volume called transcellular fluid.

Accepted Answer

A)   cells
B)   blood vessels
C)   lymphatic vessels
D)   joint cavities
E)   interstitial spacesF) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 19

With which situation will the kidneys increase their excretion of hydrogen ions?

Accepted Answer

A)   Acidosis
B)   AlkalosisC) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 20

What role do the kidneys have in the regulation of the pH of body fluids?

Accepted Answer

A)   Controlling the excretion of hydrogen ions
B)   Controlling the conversion of acids to bases
C)   Controlling the filtration of buffers
D)   Controlling the reabsorption of carbon dioxideE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Exam 18: Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

A decrease in plasma calcium ion concentration stimulates the release of __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What change in fluid concentration leads to water intoxication?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

What type of acid-base imbalance can develop when a patient with diabetes mellitus is converting fatty acids to ketone bodies?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The aerobic metabolism of glucose produces __________ acid, and the anaerobic metabolism of glucose produces __________ acid.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What type of acid-base imbalance can result from the obstruction of the airways?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Gerald just finished playing a couple of games of pick-up basketball in the park and has become dehydrated. In addition to triggering thirst, how else might his body respond to reestablish homeostasis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Water intoxication is associated with a(n) __________ plasma concentration of sodium.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The volume of urine produced is regulated mainly by the effect of __________ hormone on the renal tubules.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the function of the class of compounds called diuretics?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How does drinking alcohol produce its diuretic effect?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Substances that release ions that combine with hydrogen ions are called __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The phosphate buffer system helps regulate pH within cells. If too much hydrogen ion is released within the cell reducing the pH, what reaction will occur?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When water output exceeds water intake, what condition develops?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What effect does metabolic acidosis have on respiration?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An increase in potassium concentration in the blood will stimulate the release of __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which condition would trigger thirst?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the function of the hormone aldosterone?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The fluid contained in __________ is part of the fluid volume called transcellular fluid.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

With which situation will the kidneys increase their excretion of hydrogen ions?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What role do the kidneys have in the regulation of the pH of body fluids?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The aerobic metabolism of glucose produces acid, and the anaerobic metabolism of glucose produces acid.

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