Question 1

Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   In 1996, Congress passed the Defense of Marriage Act (DOM
A)  , which defines marriage as "a legal union of one man and one woman as husband and wife."
B)   The Supreme Court justices ruled in 2003 that states cannot ban homosexual relations among consenting adults.
C)   The Supreme Court justices ruled in 1996 that states could not adopt discriminatory policies toward gays and lesbians.
D)   All are true: The Supreme Court ruled states could not adopt discriminatory policies toward gays and lesbians (1996) , Congress passed DOMA (1996) , and states cannot ban homosexual relations among consenting adults (2003) .
E)   None of these answers is correct.F) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 2

In the case of United States v.Virginia (1996) ,the Supreme Court ruled that

Accepted Answer

A)   strict racial quotas were a valid means of ensuring racial diversity on college campuses.
B)   private colleges could refuse to admit prospective students on the basis of sexual orientation.
C)   male-only admissions policies at state-supported military academies were unconstitutional.
D)   because female instructors created an undue distraction at all-male universities, the schools in question could discriminate against women in their hiring practices.
E)   colleges affiliated with a particular religion could not take the religious persuasion of job candidates into consideration during the hiring process.F) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 3

In applying the reasonable basis test,courts tend to

Accepted Answer

A)   require government only to show that a particular law is reasonable.
B)   assess whether a law had the support of a two-thirds majority of legislators at the time of passage.
C)   determine whether a law is working well and, if so, to allow it to remain in effect.
D)   prohibit any law that results in the unequal treatment of Americans.
E)   interpret the equal protection clause in a strict manner.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   About one in three single-parent families that are headed by women live below the poverty line.
B)   The 1993 Family and Medical Leave Act represented a setback for women by reducing the amount of guaranteed benefits that new mothers receive.
C)   Recent Supreme Court decisions have made it harder for employees to sue an organization that retaliates against them for filing a sexual harassment complaint.
D)   There are generally fewer single-parent families headed by women below the poverty line than two-parent families below the poverty line.
E)   The "feminization of poverty" describes the phenomenon of greater government protection for women below the poverty line than men.F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 5

The focus of civil liberties is the ________ and the focus of civil rights is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   individual; individual
B)   group; group
C)   individual; group
D)   group; individual
E)   Tenth Amendment; Twenty-seventh AmendmentF) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 6

The average pay for full-time female employees is about ________ percent of that for full-time male employees.

Accepted Answer

A)   93
B)   50
C)   65
D)   80
E)   70F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 7

Equality of result policies are primarily directed at ________ discriminatory effects.

Accepted Answer

A)   de jure
B)   de facto
C)   religious
D)   gender
E)   due processF) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 8

One example of a policy that aimed chiefly to overcome de facto discrimination is

Accepted Answer

A)   the Equal Rights Amendment.
B)   the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
C)   busing to achieve racial integration in the schools.
D)   the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas ruling.
E)   the Fourteenth Amendment.F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

Question 9

What event occurred in 1877 in the South that brought about rapid legal discrimination against blacks?

Accepted Answer

A)   a backlash against the civil rights movement
B)   the religious revival movement
C)   the removal of federal troops
D)   several state legislature elections that brought racist leadership into power
E)   a severe depression that reduced the economic power of the black populationF) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 10

The policy of affirmative action arose when

Accepted Answer

A)   it became apparent that disadvantaged Americans would not attain equal employment opportunities through lawsuits that benefited single individuals only.
B)   the Supreme Court declared in Bakke that the Fourteenth Amendment requires government and large firms to hire more women and minorities.
C)   the Supreme Court ruled that de facto discrimination is unlawful.
D)   private firms decided on their own that a more diverse workforce was actually a more productive and effective workforce.
E)   the Supreme Court rendered its Adarand v. Pena decision in 1995.F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 11

Which statement about women's rights is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)   The Equal Rights Amendment (ER
A)   was ratified by the necessary 38 states in 1982.
B)   The women's rights movement began in the era of World War I and within a few years achieved voting rights for women.
C)   Women have made clear gains in the areas of appointive and elective offices.
D)   Women tend to cast their votes for Republican candidates.
E)   All these answers are correct.F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 12

The movement for women's rights was initially aligned with

Accepted Answer

A)   the abolition movement.
B)   the Progressive movement.
C)   the labor movement.
D)   the modern civil rights movement.
E)   the modern environmental movement.F) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 13

The Supreme Court halted the general use of quotas in the granting of federal contracts in the 1995 case of

Accepted Answer

A)   Adarand v. Pena.
B)   Fullilove v. Klutznick.
C)   Craig v. Boren.
D)   Rostker v. Goldberg.
E)   United States v. Virginia.F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 14

The demand that women should receive equal pay relative to men for work that is similarly demanding,involves similar responsibilities,and requires similar levels of education and training is the basis of the concept of

Accepted Answer

A)   equality of opportunity.
B)   affirmative action.
C)   comparable worth.
D)   de jure discrimination.
E)   reverse discrimination.F) B) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 15

Discuss the racial problems addressed by the Brown v.Board of Education of Topeka,Kansas decision and the Civil Rights Act of 1964.What provisions of the Constitution provided the basis for each of these policy decisions?

Accepted Answer

In Brown v.Board of Education of Topeka,...

Question 16

The Brown v.Board of Education of Topeka,Kansas ruling (1954) held that racial segregation in schools violated the

Accepted Answer

A)   due process clause of the Fifth Amendment.
B)   due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
C)   equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
D)   Civil Rights Act.
E)   establishment clause of the First Amendment.F) None of the above
G) All of the above

Question 17

One reason that affirmative action is so controversial is that

Accepted Answer

A)   since the 1980s the Supreme Court has imposed it on the American public despite congressional attempts to end it.
B)   most Americans admit that they oppose programs that ensure equal treatment for minorities.
C)   it is applied only to private businesses and schools, not to government programs and institutions.
D)   the Supreme Court has repeatedly declared it unconstitutional both in principle and in practice.
E)   it is viewed as giving preferential treatment, which is unpopular, instead of simply ensuring equal treatment.F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true of age discrimination in the United States?

Accepted Answer

A)   The courts have not given government and employers much leeway in establishing age-based policies.
B)   Forced retirement for reasons of age is not permissible even if justified by the nature of a particular job or the performance of a particular employee.
C)   Age discrimination is among the forms of discrimination prohibited by the U.S. Constitution.
D)   Mandatory retirement ages for most jobs have been eliminated by law.
E)   Hiring bias on the basis of age is still allowed by all private companies, but has been most abolished in government and public agencies.F) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 19

In 2007 the Supreme Court ruled that the pursuit of racial integration in public schools through busing

Accepted Answer

A)   was a practice that should be left to state governments to adopt or reject.
B)   should be enacted and monitored by the federal government to ensure full compliance.
C)   was as necessary to ensure racial justice as was the ending of de facto segregation in 1954.
D)   was a permanent solution to an intractable problem.
E)   deprived white students of their Fourteenth Amendment right to equal protection.F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 20

All of the following statements about Asian American rights are true EXCEPT that

Accepted Answer

A)   they have not attained a proportionate share of top business positions.
B)   Asian Americans are an upwardly mobile group but are underrepresented in top positions in society due to past and present discrimination.
C)   Asian Americans have the highest percentage of two-parent families of any racial group.
D)   Asian Americans have made notable educational advancements.
E)   Asian Americans have the second highest median family income of any group.F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Exam 5: Equal Rights: Struggling Toward Fairness

The policy of affirmative action arose when

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The Supreme Court halted the general use of quotas in the granting of federal contracts in the 1995 case of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In 2007 the Supreme Court ruled that the pursuit of racial integration in public schools through busing

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The demand that women should receive equal pay relative to men for work that is similarly demanding,involves similar responsibilities,and requires similar levels of education and training is the basis of the concept of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Brown v.Board of Education of Topeka,Kansas ruling (1954) held that racial segregation in schools violated the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement about women's rights is correct?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What event occurred in 1877 in the South that brought about rapid legal discrimination against blacks?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following statements about Asian American rights are true EXCEPT that

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In applying the reasonable basis test,courts tend to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One example of a policy that aimed chiefly to overcome de facto discrimination is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Equality of result policies are primarily directed at ________ discriminatory effects.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The movement for women's rights was initially aligned with

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true of age discrimination in the United States?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the case of United States v.Virginia (1996) ,the Supreme Court ruled that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The focus of civil liberties is the ________ and the focus of civil rights is the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Discuss the racial problems addressed by the Brown v.Board of Education of Topeka,Kansas decision and the Civil Rights Act of 1964.What provisions of the Constitution provided the basis for each of these policy decisions?

Correct AnswerverifiedIn Brown v.Board of Education of Topeka,...View AnswerShow Answer

The average pay for full-time female employees is about ________ percent of that for full-time male employees.

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One reason that affirmative action is so controversial is that

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The focus of civil liberties is the and the focus of civil rights is the .

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In Brown v.Board of Education of Topeka,...
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