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The younger the person's _____ age, the longer the person is expected to live, regardless of chronological age.


A) biological
B) mental
C) social
D) psychological

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Correct Answer

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The _____ involves relations between microsystems or connections between contexts.


A) metasystem
B) mesosystem
C) chronosystem
D) macrosystem

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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_____ processes refer to changes in the individual's thought, intelligence, and language.


A) Cognitive
B) Biological
C) Socioemotional
D) Cultural

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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_____ include biological processes such as puberty and menopause. They also include sociocultural, environmental processes such as beginning formal education and retirement.


A) Normative age-graded influences
B) Normative history-graded influences
C) Normative life events
D) Nonnormative life events

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Correct Answer

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As defined by Erik Erikson, a crisis:


A) will leave permanent psychological scars.
B) will leave psychological scars that will eventually fade over time.
C) will have a catastrophic impact on a person's development, and will leave a psychological scar that will fade over time.
D) is not a catastrophe but a turning point of increased vulnerability and enhanced potential.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Jessica spends a lot of time thinking about the choices she has made in her life and the events she has witnessed. She is adjusting to decreasing strength and health, and she has made several lifestyle changes as a result. Jessica is most likely in the _____ period of development.


A) adolescence
B) early adulthood
C) middle adulthood
D) late adulthood

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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Which of Urie Bronfenbrenner's environmental systems consists of the patterning of environmental events and transitions over the life course, as well as sociohistorical circumstances?


A) Mesosystem
B) Chronosystem
C) Macrosystem
D) Exosystem

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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_____ age is an individual's adaptive capacities compared with those of other individuals of the same chronological age.


A) Social
B) Psychological
C) Physical
D) Biological

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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Edwin was a neglected child in his infancy. Now, at 31 years of age, he is highly cynical about the world and feels that no one can be relied upon. Whenever he is in a relationship with a woman, he has tremendous feelings of suspicion toward his partner, and these feelings eventually lead to the breakup of the relationship. According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, this is a good indication that Edwin did not successfully resolve the _____ stage of development, which in turn is causing him to experience _____ in his current developmental stage.


A) identity versus identity confusion ; stagnation
B) trust versus mistrust; isolation
C) autonomy versus shame and doubt; confusion
D) trust versus mistrust; despair

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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B

On your first day of class, Professor Red-Elk claims that for too long we have focused on the development of young children, especially infants. She argues that the development of adults and elderly people is just as important. This professor is articulating a(n) _____ approach.


A) evolutionary
B) constructivist
C) normative
D) life-span

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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D

Agatha is 83 years old. According to Baltes and his colleagues, _____ and _____ in her capacities will take center stage.


A) growth; maintenance
B) maintenance; regulation of loss
C) regulation of loss; augmentation
D) growth; regulation of loss

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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Theories that describe development as primarily unconscious (beyond awareness) and heavily colored by emotion.

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Psychoanalytic theories

Dr. Drew is a scientist interested in the effects of music on cognitive development. Which of the following describes the sequence he should go through?


A) Collect data, conceptualize a process or problem to be studied, analyze data, and draw conclusions.
B) Conceptualize a process or problem to be studied, collect data, analyze data, and draw conclusions.
C) Collect data, analyze data, conceptualize a process or problem to be studied, and draw conclusions.
D) Conceptualize a process or problem to be studied, draw conclusions, collect data, and analyze data.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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According to APA's guidelines, all participants must know what their research participation will involve and what risks might develop. This guideline addresses which of the following issues?


A) Deception
B) Debriefing
C) Informed consent
D) Confidentiality

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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This is a way of conceptualizing age where age is characterized by physical health and the functional capacities of a person's vital organs.

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Amir is 18 months old. According to Piaget, he is in which of the following stages of cognitive development?


A) Preoperational
B) Sensorimotor
C) Formal operational
D) Concrete operational

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Correct Answer

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The term "generativity" as described in Erikson's seventh stage of development primarily reflects a concern for:


A) helping the younger generation to develop and lead useful lives.
B) forming healthy friendships and an intimate relationship with another.
C) developing healthy ego boundaries.
D) feeling secure in one's job.

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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The _____ period is the time from conception to birth.


A) perinatal
B) prenatal
C) neonatal
D) postnatal

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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Compared with earlier decades, U.S. adults today are:


A) more likely to be married.
B) more likely to be childless.
C) less likely to be living alone.
D) less likely to need social relationships and support.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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Vygotsky's theory emphasizes how _____ guide(s) cognitive development.


A) culture and social interaction
B) biology
C) the unconscious mind
D) genes

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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