Question 1

The Nernst Equation is: E = 60 mV log10 ([Xextracellular/Xintracellular]).Given this,the equilibrium potential for a given ion would be increased with an increase in its intracellular concentration.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The critical function of the sodium-potassium pump of neurons is to move

Accepted Answer

A)  Na+ and K+ into the cell.
B)  Na+ and K+ out of the cell.
C)  Na+ into the cell and K+ out of the cell.
D)  Na+ out of the cell and K+ into the cell.
E)  Na+ and K+ into the cell and H+ out of the cell through an antiport mechanism.F) A) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 3

A neurologist diagnoses a patient with damage to the hippocampus.This observation is consistent with the difficulties the patient reports with

Accepted Answer

A)  forming memories of recent events.
B)  effectively coordinating movements once initiated.
C)  planning movements.
D)  maintaining a steady and regular heartbeat.
E)  perceiving tactile stimulation from different regions of their body.F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 4

Propose a valid reason to explain why is it critical that the K+ channel activation gate responds slightly slower to depolarization than the Na+ channel activation gate.

Accepted Answer

A)  If both gates showed identical response times,movements of Na+ and K+ ions would cancel out each other's effects on membrane potential changes.
B)  If both gates showed identical response times,movements of Na+ and K+ ions would magnify each other's effects on membrane potential changes,creating dangerously large action potentials.
C)  It is not critical and there would be no change in action potential characteristics if this difference in response time did not exist.
D)  The conformational change in one gate is necessary to trigger the activation of the other.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 5

Indicate the mechanism responsible for the rapid depolarization that occurs as the "upsweep" of membrane potential peaks during the action potential.

Accepted Answer

A)  closing of the voltage-gated Na+ channel activation gates
B)  closing of the voltage-gated Na+ channel inactivation gates
C)  opening of the voltage-gated K+ channel gates
D)  both opening of the K+ channel gates and closing of the Na+ channel inactivation gates
E)  both opening of the K+ channel gates and closing of the Na+ channel activation gatesF) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

Question 6

The level of the vertebrate nervous system responsible for the skeletal muscle responses to stimuli is the ___________________ system.

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory
B)  somatic
C)  sympathetic
D)  All of these answers are correct.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 7

Compare the leakage rates of sodium and potassium into and out of a neuron at rest.How is the relationship between these rates best described?

Accepted Answer

A)  Leakage of sodium ions out of the neuron is greater than leakage of potassium ions into the neuron.
B)  Leakage of sodium ions into the neuron is greater than leakage of potassium ions out of the neuron.
C)  Leakage of potassium ions out of the neuron is greater than leakage of sodium ions into the neuron.
D)  Leakage of potassium ions into the neuron is greater than leakage of sodium ions out of the neuron.
E)  Leakage of potassium ions out of the neuron is equivalent to leakage of sodium ions into the neuron.F) A) and C)
G) C) and E)

Question 8

Damage to the cerebellum could result in

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased ability to balance.
B)  loss of hearing.
C)  loss of vision.
D)  loss of taste sensation.
E)  diminished thermoreceptive sensation.F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 9

The mammalian circadian pacemaker is located in the

Accepted Answer

A)  hypothalamus.
B)  brainstem.
C)  somatosensory cortex.
D)  adrenal glanD.
E)  hippocampus.F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 10

(Check all that apply) Depression is usually

Accepted Answer

A)   counteracted with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
B)   the result of a neurotransmission disorder
C)   counteracted with neurotransmitters that inhibit the secretion of serotonin.
D)   found more often in men than in women.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 11

Cranial nerves are connected directly to the brain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Synaptic vesicles discharge their contents at the axon hillock region.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The two broad classes of cells in the nervous system include
1)  ) those responsible for information processing,and
2)  ) those providing mechanical and metabolic support.
These two categories of specialized cells are called

Accepted Answer

A)  microglia and Schwann cells.
B)  neurons and glial cells.
C)  Schwann cells and glial cells.
D)  neurons and fibrocytes.
E)  astrocytes and Schwann cells.F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 14

Identify the key feature of the action potential that ensures it will travel only one direction.

Accepted Answer

A)  the activation state of the voltage-gated Na+ channel
B)  the inactivation state of the voltage-gated Na+ channel
C)  the activation state of the voltage-gated K+ channel
D)  the inactivation state of the voltage-gated K+ channel
E)  the temporary cessation in activity of the Na+/K+ pumpF) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 15

The brain region responsible for producing hormones that are secreted by the pituitary gland is the

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebrum.
B)  cerebellum.
C)  thalamus.
D)  hypothalamus.
E)  medulla oblongata.F) C) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 16

In a neuron at rest,the membrane is most permeable to

Accepted Answer

A)  potassium.
B)  sodium.
C)  chloride.
D)  calcium.
E)  magnesium.F) B) and C)
G) None of the above

Question 17

Synaptic vesicles discharge their contents by exocytosis at the

Accepted Answer

A)  dendrite.
B)  axon hillock.
C)  nodes of Ranvier.
D)  postsynaptic membrane.
E)  presynaptic membranE.F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 18

When a neuron undergoes a change in membrane potential that is proportional to (i.e. ,varies depending on) the strength of the stimulus given to that neuron,this is referred to as a/an

Accepted Answer

A)  equilibrium potential.
B)  action potential.
C)  resting potential.
D)  reversal potential.
E)  graded potential.F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 19

Activities like playing a musical instrument regularly can affect the size of brain regions involved in performing these activities.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Metabotropic receptors act by initiating changes in second messenger systems in target cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 32: Neuroscience I: Structure, Function, and Evolution of Nervous Systems

Compare the leakage rates of sodium and potassium into and out of a neuron at rest.How is the relationship between these rates best described?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The level of the vertebrate nervous system responsible for the skeletal muscle responses to stimuli is the ___________________ system.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Identify the key feature of the action potential that ensures it will travel only one direction.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Nernst Equation is: E = 60 mV log10 ([Xextracellular/Xintracellular]).Given this,the equilibrium potential for a given ion would be increased with an increase in its intracellular concentration.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A neurologist diagnoses a patient with damage to the hippocampus.This observation is consistent with the difficulties the patient reports with

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Activities like playing a musical instrument regularly can affect the size of brain regions involved in performing these activities.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The critical function of the sodium-potassium pump of neurons is to move

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Synaptic vesicles discharge their contents at the axon hillock region.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Indicate the mechanism responsible for the rapid depolarization that occurs as the "upsweep" of membrane potential peaks during the action potential.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cranial nerves are connected directly to the brain.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Metabotropic receptors act by initiating changes in second messenger systems in target cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When a neuron undergoes a change in membrane potential that is proportional to (i.e. ,varies depending on) the strength of the stimulus given to that neuron,this is referred to as a/an

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Synaptic vesicles discharge their contents by exocytosis at the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The brain region responsible for producing hormones that are secreted by the pituitary gland is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

(Check all that apply) Depression is usually

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The two broad classes of cells in the nervous system include 1) ) those responsible for information processing,and 2) ) those providing mechanical and metabolic support. These two categories of specialized cells are called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a neuron at rest,the membrane is most permeable to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The mammalian circadian pacemaker is located in the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Damage to the cerebellum could result in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Propose a valid reason to explain why is it critical that the K+ channel activation gate responds slightly slower to depolarization than the Na+ channel activation gate.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The Nernst Equation is: E = 60 mV log₁₀ ([X_{extracellular}/X_{intracellular}]).Given this,the equilibrium potential for a given ion would be increased with an increase in its intracellular concentration.

Correct Answer
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Propose a valid reason to explain why is it critical that the K⁺ channel activation gate responds slightly slower to depolarization than the Na⁺ channel activation gate.

Correct Answer
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