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The human body's arterial blood pH is tightly maintained around 7.4 by buffering agents that bind hydrogen ions to stop any change in pH.If an acid-base imbalance overcomes the buffer system,the body changes the ventilation rate,or the rate at which gas enters or leaves the lungs.Changing the ventilation rate changes the concentration of CO2 in the blood,which alters the pH of the blood.In this case,the muscles that control the ventilation rate are acting as the:


A) homeostatic challenge.
B) sensor.
C) effector.
D) integrator.
E) set point.

F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

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Which of the following characteristics would be true of an epithelium specialized for exchange by diffusion (e.g. ,a respiratory epithelium) ?


A) Thin with a relatively large surface area
B) Thick with a relatively large surface area
C) Thin with a relatively small surface area
D) Thick with a relatively small surface area
E) Thin with a small surface area/volume ratio

F) B) and C)
G) A) and D)

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Which of the following is incorrectly matched?


A) Simple cuboidal;kidney tubules
B) Transitional epithelium;bladder
C) Stratified squamous;esophagus
D) Simple columnar;intestines
E) Simple squamous;nasal passages

F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

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In negative feedback,the variable being regulated is changed in the _______ direction,while in positive feedback the variable is changed in the ________ direction.


A) same,opposite
B) decreasing,increasing
C) negative,positive
D) inhibitory,stimulatory
E) opposite,same

F) All of the above
G) A) and E)

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