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Assume the risk-free interest rate is 10% and is equal to fund's benchmark, the portfolio net asset value is $100 and the fund's standard deviation is 20%. Also assume time horizon of 1 year. What is the exercise price on the incentive fee?


A) $100
B) $105
C) $110
D) $115

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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________ allow for more active short-selling and derivatives positions.


A) Commingled funds
B) REITs
C) ETFs
D) 130/30 Funds

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

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A hedge fund owns a $15 million bond portfolio with a modified duration of 11 years and needs to hedge risk but T-bond futures are only available with a modified duration of the deliverable instrument of 10 years. The futures are priced at $105 000. The proper hedge ratio to use is ________.


A) 143
B) 157
C) 196
D) 218

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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Research by Aragon (2007) indicates that lock up restrictions on redemptions and positive serial correlations of returns indicate that hedge funds often face ________ problems.


A) liquidity
B) maturity
C) event driven
D) hedging

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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You manage $15 million hedge fund portfolio with beta = 1.2 and alpha = 2% per quarter. Assume that the risk-free rate is 2% per quarter and the current value of the S&P 500 index = 1200. You want to exploit positive alpha but you are afraid are afraid that the share market may fall and hedge your portfolio by selling the 3-month S&P 500 future contracts. The S&P contract multiplier is $250. What is expected quarterly return on the hedged portfolio?


A) 0%
B) 2%
C) 3%
D) 4%

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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Assume that you have invested $500 000 to purchase shares in a hedge fund reporting $800 million in assets, $100 million in liabilities and 70 million shares outstanding. Your initial lock-out period is 3 years. If the share price after 3 years increases to $15.28, and using your calculation for how many shares you purchased, what is the value of your investment?


A) $553 600
B) $625 000
C) $733 800
D) $764 000

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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Hedge fund managers receive incentive bonuses when they increase portfolio assets beyond a stipulated benchmark but lose nothing when they fail to perform. This is equivalent to ________.


A) writing a call option
B) receiving a free call option
C) writing a put option
D) receiving a free put option

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Malkiel and Saha(2005) estimate that the survivorship bias for hedge funds equals 4.4%, which is ________ than the survivorship bias for mutual funds.


A) about the same as
B) much lower
C) much higher
D) only slightly lower

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Consider a hedge fund with $250 million in assets at the start of the year. If the gross return on assets is 18% and the total expense ratio is 2.5% of the year end value, what is the rate of return on the fund?


A) 15.05%
B) 15.50%
C) 17.25%
D) 18.00%

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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To attract new clients hedge funds often select reporting periods which show abnormally high returns. This is called ________.


A) long/short bias
B) survivorship bias
C) backfill bias
D) incentive bias

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Some argue that abnormally high returns of hedge funds are tainted by ________, which arises when unsuccessful funds cease operations leaving only successful ones.


A) reporting bias
B) survivorship bias
C) backfill bias
D) incentive bias

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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You believe that the spread between the September S&P 500 future and S&P 500 index is too large and will soon correct. This is an example of ________.


A) pairs trading
B) convergence play
C) statistical arbitrage
D) long/short equity hedge

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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Management fees for hedge funds typically range between ________ and ________.


A) 0.5%; 1.5%
B) 1%; 3%
C) 2%; 5%
D) 5%; 8%

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following are characteristics of a hedge fund? I. Pooling of assets II. Strict regulatory oversight by the SEC III. Investing in equities, debt instruments and derivative instruments IV. Professional management of assets


A) I and II only
B) II and III only
C) III and IV only
D) I, III and IV only

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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When a short-selling hedge fund advertises in a prospectus that it is a 120/20 fund, it means that this fund may sell short up to ________ every $100 in net assets and increase the long position to ________ of net assets.


A) $120; $20
B) $20; $120
C) $20; $20
D) $120; $120

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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What is the Black-Scholes value of the call option on management incentive fee?


A) $6.67
B) $8.20
C) $9.74
D) $10.22

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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The collapse of the Long Term Capital Management hedge fund in 1998 was a case of an extreme unlikely statistical event called ________.


A) statistical arbitrage
B) an unhedged play
C) a tail event
D) a liquidity trap

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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A high water mark is a limiting factor of hedge fund manager compensation. This means that managers cannot charge incentive fees ________.


A) when a fund stays flat
B) when a fund falls and does not recover to its previous high value
C) when a fund falls by 10% or more
D) None of the above occurs. Managers can always charge incentive fees.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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How much is the portfolio expected to be worth 3 months from now?


A) $15 000 000
B) $15 450 000
C) $15 600 000
D) $16 000 000

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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The difference between market neutral and long/short hedges is that market neutral hedge funds ________.


A) establish long and short position on both sides of the market to eliminate risk and to benefit from security asset mispricing, whereas long/short hedge establish positions only on one side of the market
B) allocate money to several other funds while long/short funds do not
C) invest in relatively stable proportions of shares and bonds while the proportions may vary dramatically for long/short funds
D) invest only in equities and bonds while long/short funds use only derivatives

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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