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Regarding Damian's assertion that under the parol evidence rule he had the right to identify the house referenced in the contract,which of the following is true?


A) Damian is incorrect because the parol evidence rule would not apply in situations involving an ambiguity.
B) Damian is incorrect because under the parol evidence rule,Frida,as the buyer,would be allowed to identify the subject matter in the event of a discrepancy.
C) Damian is incorrect because under the parol evidence rule,the judge would likely allow oral evidence regarding the house at issue in order to clarify an ambiguity.
D) Damian is correct.
E) Damian is incorrect because the parol evidence rule would not apply in the absence of a merger clause.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

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Which of the following is a clause parties include in a written agreement that states that the written agreement accurately reflects the final,complete version of the agreement.


A) Merger
B) Consolidation
C) Complete
D) Adhesion
E) Parol

F) B) and D)
G) D) and E)

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What is a purpose of the parol evidence rule?


A) To restrict oral and written evidence from being admitted that supports an agreement in its written form.
B) To restrict evidence from being admitted that substantially contradicts an agreement in its written form.
C) To restrict oral evidence from being admitted that supports an agreement in its written form.
D) To restrict hearsay from being admitted that supports or contradicts an agreement in its written form.
E) To restrict written evidence from being admitted that supports an agreement in its written form.

F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

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B

Jacob has insurance with Big Insurer.Jacob has a wreck with Selena.The adjuster for Big Insurer orally agrees to pay Selena $1,000 for the damage to her car.The adjuster,however,gets in trouble with his boss for agreeing to pay too much.He tells Selena that he is backing out of the deal because the agreement is unenforceable on the basis that the statute of frauds requires that a contract to pay the debt of another be in writing.Is the adjuster correct? Why or why not?

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The adjuster is not correct.The insurer ...

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Which of the following was the result in the Case Nugget in the text involving the dispute between Dr.Ralph M.Aurigemma and New Castle Care,LLC,involving whether an oral agreement entered into on September 4 involving Dr.Aurigemma serving as medical director from October 1 of that year until October 1 of the next year was enforceable?


A) That the contract was not in writing and,therefore,could not be enforced.
B) That the contract could be enforced because of the parol evidence rule.
C) That the contract was enforceable because of the partial-performance exception to the statute of frauds.
D) That the contract could not be enforced because of the parol evidence rule.
E) That the contract was enforceable because agreements for professional services do not come within the protection of the statute of frauds.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Under which of the following circumstances would promissory estoppel take effect?


A) Gia's reliance on Alvin's promise was foreseeable.
B) Gia relied on Alvin's promise which Alvin knew she would do.
C) Gia relied on Alvin's promise to her detriment and Alvin should have known Gia would rely on it.
D) Gia relied on Alvin's promise to her detriment.
E) Alvin knew Gia would rely on his promise.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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All courts consider merger clauses to be conclusive proof of a contract.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following is true regarding a signature on a document falling within the statute of frauds?


A) Any party required to sign must sign at the beginning of the document.
B) There is no requirement of any signature of either party to satisfy the statute of frauds.
C) Any party required to sign must sign both at the end and at the beginning of the document.
D) So long as it is meant as a signature,a party required to sign may sign at any place on the document.
E) Any party required to sign must sign at the end of the document.

F) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

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Define the term "admission" in relation to contracts under the statute of frauds.Discuss the pros and cons of the rule on admissions,and whether you think courts should recognize admissions.

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An admission is a statement made in cour...

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Gianni hires Dolton to work as his driver with an annual salary of $100,000 for the rest of Dolton's life.After two years,Gianni decides to fire Dolton.Dolton claims they have a valid contract,but Gianni says it is barred by the statute of frauds because they never put anything in writing.Who is correct?


A) Gianni,because the contract cannot be completed in one year.
B) Dolton,because the contract can be completed in one year because Dolton could die within a year of the contract's creation.
C) Gianni,because Gianni did not sign any agreement and he is the party being charged.
D) Dolton because,even though the contract was not completed within one year,public policy does not support lifetime employment contracts that are not in writing.
E) Gianni,because Dolton did not die during the year after the contract's creation.

F) C) and D)
G) All of the above

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Nadia,the president of XYZ Co. ,and Ramon orally agreed that Ramon would work as a computer programmer for XYZ Co.for a three-year period.Their oral agreement also covered other matters such as his pay and the availability of one week of paid vacation.On the day he talked with Nadia,Ramon signed an employee handbook including a provision that his employment was at will,meaning that at any time he could quit or the company could discharge him.A month later,Ramon received a three-year contract for employment with XYZ Co.in the mail incorporating the amount of his salary and other issues he had discussed with Nadia.Ramon signed it and mailed it back,but he changed the vacation provision to three weeks instead of one week.Brendan,the human resources manager for XYZ Co. ,called Ramon after receiving the agreement and told Ramon that the contract was only a draft for discussion purposes and that he was actually firing Ramon because he seemed too focused on vacation.Assuming the court follows the reasoning of the court in the dispute discussed in the text involving Michael Gallagher and Medical Research Consultants,which of the following would be the most likely result in the dispute between Ramon and XYZ Co.if Ramon claims he had a three-year contract of employment?


A) XYZ Co.will win because as a matter of law,no other document can alter the provisions of an employee handbook.
B) XYZ Co.will win because even if a three-year oral agreement for employment was made,it would not have been enforceable because the statute of frauds requires that agreements that cannot be completed within one year be in writing.Further,the draft Ramon returned was not signed by XYZ Co.
C) A jury will decide if Nadia orally agreed to a three-year contract;and,if so,Ramon gets his job back along with the extra weeks of vacation.
D) As a matter of law,since the contract was sent to Ramon,he received a guarantee of employment for three years;but he does not get the extra weeks of vacation he inserted.
E) XYZ Co.will win because although the three-year oral agreement for employment was initially enforceable,Ramon reopened negotiations by altering the later contract to provide that he was to receive three weeks of vacation.

F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

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[RV and bike deal] For his retirement,Milton wants to rent an RV and spend the summer travelling out West.Milton stops by Rudi's RV Heaven and Rudi tells him that he could rent an RV for the summer for $6,000.Milton,who had already researched rental costs,told Rudi he would agree to the price and also wanted to buy two of the bicycles Rudi showed him that were $100 each.Milton and Rudi shook hands and Milton said he would return the next day.When Milton returned,Rudi had the bicycles ready to go,but told Milton that the price for the RV was $8,000,not $6,000.Milton tells him that he cannot change the price because they had an enforceable agreement.Milton also tells him that he will not buy the bicycles,but Rudi tells him the agreement about the bicycles is enforceable and he wants Milton to pay him. -Does the agreement to rent the RV for $6,000 fall outside the statute of frauds and,thus,would likely be enforceable against Rudi?


A) No,because the agreement involved the lease of goods and must be in writing.
B) No,because the agreement is for the sale of goods over $500,which is within the statute of frauds and must be in writing.
C) Yes,because the agreement involved the lease of goods,which need not be in writing
D) Yes,because the contract can be performed within one year.
E) No,because the contract may not be performed within one year.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

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A

Which of the following is false regarding the statute of frauds provision relating to an interest in land?


A) No leases are within the statute of frauds.
B) The statute requires a writing as evidence of a contract to sell land.
C) A claim to an oral contract for the sale of land is not enough to prove a contract of sale existed.
D) The statute is intended to prevent oral claims to the existence of a contract for the sale of land.
E) Mortgages on land are within the statute of frauds.

F) A) and C)
G) All of the above

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Which of the following is false regarding written contracts?


A) In general,written contracts aid in the conduct of smooth business contracts.
B) The moment of writing allows both parties to reconsider terms and ensure what they desire.
C) The idea of requiring a writing comes from an English law.
D) Disputes are easier to settle when contractual terms are solidified in writing.
E) All contracts must be in writing in order to be enforced.

F) B) and C)
G) D) and E)

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[Courtroom Surprises] Alexandra agrees to sell Rishi her house for $200,000.Alexandra,Rishi,and the house are all located in Tennessee.She also orally agrees to sell her used car to Rishi for $1,000.Alexandra and Rishi discuss the fact that the house needs some repairs.Alexandra gives Rishi a key and tells him to do whatever he wants with the house.In reliance on her promise to sell the house,Rishi sells his home,gets a loan,and has a new roof put on Alexandra's house because of leaks that needed to be repaired to prevent further damage.When presented with the written agreements of sale for the home and the car,however,Alexandra refuses to sign either.Rishi sues,and the case proceeds to trial.Alexandra tells the judge in court under oath that she orally agreed to sell the house but that she changed her mind before signing and that she believes she has protection under the statute of frauds.She tells the judge that no agreement was ever made regarding the car and that she also has protection under the statute of frauds regarding that matter. -Regarding Alexandra's statement to the judge under oath that she orally agreed to sell the house,which of the following is true?


A) The statement would be classified as an admission and would establish an exception to the statute of frauds involving the agreement on the house.
B) The judge would be estopped from considering the evidence.
C) The statement would be excluded from consideration because of the collateral interest rule.
D) The statement has no effect because of the statute of frauds.
E) The statement would be excluded from consideration as parol evidence but only because it involved an amount in excess of $5,000.

F) All of the above
G) D) and E)

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A

Which of the following is false regarding the statute of frauds and promises made in consideration of marriage?


A) A prenuptial agreement is not automatically enforceable just because it is in writing.
B) Agreements regarding marriage in which one party is gaining something other than a return on his or her promise to marry are within the statute of frauds and must be in writing.
C) Mutual promises to marry fall within the statute of frauds.
D) When one party promises something to the other as part of an offer of marriage,the contract must be in writing to be enforceable.
E) Prenuptial agreements fall within the statute of frauds.

F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

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When a contract is incomplete,a court will not look at industry standards to complete the contract unless the parties had agreed to follow standard industry practice.

A) True
B) False

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Regarding Damian's assertion that the statute of frauds is not satisfied because Frida did not sign the document,which of the following is true?


A) Damian is incorrect because the statute of frauds did not require her signature so long as the type of subject matter involved was referenced.
B) Damian is incorrect because the statute of frauds did not require her signature so long as the parties were clearly identified.
C) Damian is correct.
D) Damian is incorrect because the statute of frauds did not require her signature so long as the selling price was referenced.
E) Damian is incorrect because he is the one being sued,and he signed the document.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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Regarding Rishi getting a loan and putting a new roof on the house,which of the following is true?


A) His actions would likely amount to promissory estoppel,which establishes an exception to the statute of frauds.
B) The judge would consider his actions under the UCC as exceptions to the parol evidence rule.
C) His actions would be considered only because Alexandra told the judge that she had orally agreed to the contract.
D) Rishi should have known better,and his actions would be of no use to him in attempting to enforce the contract.
E) His actions would be considered as admissions.

F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

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What are the eight exceptions to the parol evidence rule?

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The exceptions are 1)contracts that have...

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