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Write an essay that explains how a geneticist could attempt to prevent cancer by manipulating a persons proto-oncogenes.

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Answers may vary but the essay should di...

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Which of the following is NOT true concerning mitosis?


A) Plant cells lack centrioles while animal cells do not.
B) Both plant and animal cells undergo cytokinesis.
C) Mitosis allows growth and increase in size in both plants and animals.
D) Animal cells form a cell plate during cytokinesis while plant cells do not.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Organisms produced as a result of mitosis exhibit a great deal of genetic variation.

A) True
B) False

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False

Eukaryotic chromosomes


A) consist of both DNA and protein.
B) may occur as chromatin.
C) contain histones responsible for packaging DNA to fit into a small space.
D) All of the choices are correct.

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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Which stage is most associated with a cell that is unable to divide again, such as a muscle or nerve cell?


A) M phase
B) G1 phase
C) G2 phase
D) S phase
E) G0 phase

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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The enzymes that bring about apoptosis are: -called caspases.

A) True
B) False

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The purpose of therapeutic cloning is


A) to produce an individual to the donor of the nucleus.
B) to produce specialized tissue cells.
C) to stimulate cells that have been arrested in the S phase.
D) None of the answer choices are correct.

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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B

Below the skin are "stem cells" that divide, with some cells continuing the stem cell line and others being pushed toward the surface to flatten and die and be sloughed off. In the bone marrow other stem cells produce erythrocytes that lose their nucleus and function for a few months in the bloodstream before they too die. Such "dead end" cells that reproduce no further


A) leave the cell cycle in a G0 phase, which immediately follows telophase.
B) leave the cell cycle in a G3 phase, which immediately follows G2.
C) halt in the midst of the S phase.
D) continually cycle but simply fail to go through cytokinesis.
E) reverse from G2 to G1.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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A

Viruses and chemical exposure can cause mutations in proto-oncogenes which can lead to cancer.

A) True
B) False

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Which sequence of stages in mitosis is correct?


A) prophase, anaphase, prometaphase, metaphase, telophase
B) prophase, telophase, anaphase, prometaphase, metaphase
C) prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
D) telophase, anaphase, prophase, prometaphase, metaphase
E) anaphase, prometaphase, metaphase, prophase, telophase

F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

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During which stage of the cell cycle is cell growth and replication of organelles most significant?


A) M phase
B) G1 phase
C) G2 phase
D) S phase
E) G0 phase

F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

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The event that signals the start of anaphase is


A) division of the centromeres to separate sister chromatids.
B) migration of the centrioles to opposite poles of the nuclear space.
C) a cleavage furrow starts to form.
D) asters disappear.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Cloning can only be carried out using adult stem cells.

A) True
B) False

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Which is NOT true about the chromosomes of a multicellular organism?


A) They are made up of DNA and protein.
B) Each chromosome is replicated into two chromatids during the S phase of interphase.
C) Each chromosome separates into two daughter chromosomes by binary fission.
D) All cells contain chromosomes that carry the same genetic information.

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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Angiogenesis


A) is the growth of blood vessels into the tumor.
B) is directed by additional mutations in tumor cells.
C) brings nutrients and oxygen to a tumor.
D) all of these.
E) none of these.

F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

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The haploid (n) number of chromosomes for a human being is


A) 23.
B) 24.
C) 44.
D) 46.
E) 48.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Which does NOT occur in telophase?


A) Cytokinesis is under way.
B) The nuclear envelope is being reconstructed.
C) The centromeres split apart.
D) Chromosomes de-condense into chromatin.
E) The nucleolus reforms.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

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Which is NOT correctly associated with cancer?


A) Angiogenesis forms new blood vessels and brings nutrients and oxygen to the tumor.
B) The disorganized mass of cells is encapsulated and does not invade adjacent tissue.
C) Metastasis establishes new tumors distant from the site of the primary tumor.
D) Cells have receptors to adhere to basement membranes, then secrete proteinase enzymes to invade underlying tissues.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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What phase of mitosis is pictured? What phase of mitosis is pictured?   A)  prophase B)  prometaphase C)  metaphase D)  anaphase E)  telophase


A) prophase
B) prometaphase
C) metaphase
D) anaphase
E) telophase

F) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

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can be unleashed by internal or external signals.

A) True
B) False

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