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Amber, a 4-month-old baby, knows that the form of a dinner plate remains the same whether it is flat on the table or standing in the dish drainer. In the context of perceptual constancy, Amber has most likely developed


A) shape retention.
B) depth constancy.
C) shape constancy.
D) color constancy.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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In the context of the milestones in motor skills development in infants, which of the following is true of the first year?


A) A smaller size at birth is the aspect of pregnancy and delivery with the strongest link to reaching motor milestones earlier.
B) Some infants do not follow the standard sequence of motor accomplishments.
C) Breast feeding has no link to reaching the milestones earlier.
D) In the first year of life, infants are motorically skilled and mobile.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Identify the term, according to the ecological view, that refers to opportunities for interaction by objects that fit within our capabilities to perform functional activities.

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The peak of synaptic overproduction in the ________ occurs at about the fourth postnatal month.


A) spinal cord
B) prefrontal cortex
C) visual cortex
D) parietal lobe

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Name the theorists who are renowned for using the "visual cliff" to study the vision of infants.

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Eleanor Gi...

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Baby Jane, a three-day-old infant, is shown four drawings: a bright blue square, a white oval, a yellow circle, and a drawing of a face. According to Robert Fantz's visual preference method, which drawing would she probably prefer to look at for a longer time?


A) the white oval
B) the drawing of a face
C) the bright blue square
D) the yellow circle

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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According to dynamic systems theory, ________.


A) infants assemble motor skills for perceiving and acting
B) infants' perception and action are disconnected
C) motor development comes about through the unfolding of a genetic plan
D) infants fine-tune their movements before they perceive something in their environment

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following statements is true of perceptual narrowing?


A) It is a concept where infants are more likely to distinguish between faces to which they have been exposed than faces that they have never seen before.
B) It is a concept that involves the recovery of a habituated response after a change in stimulation.
C) It refers to decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated presentations of the stimulus.
D) It refers to the ability to relate and integrate information from two or more sensory modalities, such as vision and hearing.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Which of the following statements is true about perception in infants?


A) Infants are not able to perceive the localization of a sound.
B) Newborns cannot hear soft sounds quite as well as adults can.
C) Infants are very sensitive to the pitch of a sound.
D) Infants are not able to perceive pain.

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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